Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry

9B Flavanols, Flavonols and Dihydroflavonols 467

Ta b l e 9 B. 1

Flavanol oligomers, flavonols and dihydroflavonols identified in grapes and wines, methods of detection

Source

Reference

Detection

Flavanol dimers(–)-Epicatechin-(4

-8)-(+)-catechin (B1)

Berries

Weinges and

LC -IR, -

1 H NMR, -MS

Piretti (1971)

(–)-Epicatechin-(4

-8)-(–)-epicatechin (B2)

Berries

Weinges and

LC -IR, -

1 H NMR, -MS

Piretti (1971)

(+)-Catechin-(4

-8)-(+)-catechin (B3)

Berries

Weinges and

LC -IR, -

1 H NMR, -MS

Piretti (1971)

(+)-Catechin-(4

-8)-(–)-epicatechin (B4)

Berries

Weinges and

LC -IR, -

1 H NMR, -MS

Piretti (1971)

(–)-Epicatechin-(4

-6)-(–)-epicatechin (B5)

Seeds

Ricardo da Silva

et al. (1991c)

HPLC, TLC,

−

1 H NMR, FAB-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis,

partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol orphenylmethanethiol

(+)-Catechin-(4

-6)-(+)-catechin (B6)

Seeds

Ricardo da Silva

et al. (1991c)

HPLC, TLC, -

1 H NMR, FAB-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis,

partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol orphenylmethanethiol

(–)-Epicatechin-(4

-6)-(+)-catechin (B7)

Seeds

Ricardo da Silva

et al. (1991c)

HPLC, TLC, -

1 H NMR, FAB-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis,

partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol orphenylmethanethiol

(+)-Catechin-(4

-6)-(–)-epicatechin (B8)

Seeds

Ricardo da Silva

et al. (1991c)

HPLC, TLC, -

1 H NMR, FAB-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis,

partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol orphenylmethanethiol

(–)-Epigallocatechin-(+)-catechin

Wine

Remy (1999)

HPLC-DAD, LC-MS

(–)-Epicatechin-(+)-gallocatechin

Wine

Remy (1999)

HPLC-DAD, LC-MS

(–)-Epicatechin-(+)-epigallocatechin

Wine

Remy (1999)

HPLC-DAD, LC-MS

(–)-Epicatechin 3-gallate-(4

-8)-(+)-

catechin (B1 3-gallate)

Seeds

Ricardo da Silva

et al. (1991c)

HPLC, TLC, NMR, FAB-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis,

partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol orphenylmethanethiol