Cliffs AP Chemistry, 3rd Edition

• π==nVRT iMRT
  where
  π= osmotic pressure (atm)
  i= van’t Hoff factor; should be 1 for all nonelectrolytes

number of formula units initially dissolved in solution

actual number of particles in solution after dissociation

=

V

gRT

MW= π

• ∆Tb= i⋅kb⋅m for water, kb= 0.52°C/m

∆Tf= i ⋅kf. ⋅m for water,kf= 1.86°C/m

Part II: Specific Topics