Cliffs AP Chemistry, 3rd Edition

pKb=−logKb

pOH pKKlog log

conjugate base

conjugate acid

p

B

BH

=+bb=+

+

7

7

6

7

A

A

@

A

% ionization initial concentration (M) 100 100

amount ionized (M)

%

HA

H

%

0

==::

+

6

7

@

A

conjugate acid loss of Hgain of H

+

+ conjugate base

• Acid-Base Theory
  Arrhenius Brønsted-Lowry Lewis
  acid H+supplied to water donates H+ accepts electron pair
  base OH–supplied to water accepts H+ donates electron pair


• Acid-Base Properties of Common Ions in Aqueous Solution
  Anions (-) Cations (+)
  acidic HSO 4 – , H 2 PO4– NH 4 +, Mg2+, Al3+
  transition metal ions
  basic C 2 H 3 O 2 – , CN–, CO 3 2–, none
  F–, HCO 3 – *, HPO 4 2–
  HS–, NO 2 , PO 4 3–, S2–
  neutral Cl–, Br–, I–, Li+, Na+, K+,
  ClO 4 – , NO 3 – , SO 4 2– Ca2+, Ba2+

• Close to neutral

Part II: Specific Topics