Practice Test

Section

II

Free-Response Questions

Thermochemistry

∆S°= RS%f products−RSf%reactants

∆H° = R∆H%f products– R∆H%freactants

∆G°= R∆G%f products−R∆G%freactants

∆G°= ∆H°−T∆S°= –RTln K= −2.303 RTlog K= −nFE°

∆G= ∆G°+ RTln Q= ∆G°+ 2.303 RTlog Q

q= m⋅c⋅∆TCp= ∆H/∆T

S°= standard entropy n= moles

H°= standard enthalpy m= mass

G°= standard free energy q= heat

E°= standard voltage c= specific heat capacity

T= absolute temperature Cp= molar heat capacity at constant pressure

Gases, Liquids, and Solutions

PA==PXtotal$ A,whereXA total molesmoles A

Ptotal= Pa+ Pb+ Pc+...

n=Mm

K = °C + 273

T

PV

T

PV

1

11

2

=^22

D=Vm

urms==^33 mkT MRT

KE per molecule =^1 ⁄ 2 mv^2 KEper mole =^3 ⁄ 2 RTn

r

r

M

M

2

1

1

=^2

molarity: M = moles solute/liter solution

molality = moles solute/kilogram solvent

∆Tf= i⋅kf⋅molality ∆Tb= i⋅kb⋅molality

V

r=nRTi