104028.3.9.1 Base Films..................................................................... 1065
28.3.9.2 Binders....................................................................... 1065
28.3.9.3 Magnetic Particles............................................................... 1066
28.3.10 Magnetic Performance Curves........................................................ 1067
28.3.11 Magnetic Tape Specifications......................................................... 1068
28.3.12 Problems with Older Tapes........................................................... 1071
28.3.12.1 Adhesion and Peeling Oxide...................................................... 1071
28.3.12.2 Brittleness.................................................................... 1071
28.3.12.3 Splice Failures................................................................ 1071
28.3.12.4 Print Through................................................................. 1072
28.3.12.5 Sticky Shed and Tape Baking..................................................... 1073
28.3.12.6 Squealing Tape................................................................ 1074
28.4 Analog Circuits and Systems............................................................. 1074
28.4.1 Playback Amplifiers................................................................. 1074
28.4.2 Record Circuits.................................................................... 1076
28.4.3 Bias and Erase Circuits.............................................................. 1078
28.4.4 Noise Reduction Systems............................................................ 1078
28.4.5 Sync Operation..................................................................... 1079
28.5 Digital Magnetic Recording.............................................................. 1079
28.5.1 Longitudinal Digital Tape Transports.................................................... 1079
28.5.1.1 Signal Flow.................................................................... 1079
28.5.2 Helical Scan Digital Tape Transports.................................................... 1080
28.5.3 Rotary Digital Audio Tape............................................................ 1080
28.5.4 Packing Density Maximization with Rotary Head Recorders................................. 1081
28.5.5 Heads for Digital Tape Recorders and Hard Disk Drives..................................... 1082
28.5.6 Magnetic Disks.................................................................... 1083
28.5.6.1 Floppy Disks................................................................... 1083
28.5.6.2 Rigid Disks.................................................................... 1084
28.5.7 Hard Disk Drives................................................................... 1084
28.5.8 Hard Disk Electronics................................................................ 1086
28.5.9 Formatting Media................................................................... 1087
28.5.10 Long-Term Storage................................................................. 1087
28.5.11 Data Interchange................................................................... 1088
28.6 Tape Recorder Transport, Maintenance, and Testing........................................... 1088
28.6.1 Speed............................................................................. 1089
28.6.2 Flutter............................................................................ 1091
28.7 Tape Testing......................................................................... 1093
28.8 Magnetic Head Troubleshooting and Maintenance............................................ 1094
28.8.1 Head Relapping.................................................................... 1095
28.9 Routine Signal Alignment Procedure....................................................... 1095
28.10 Automated Alignment................................................................. 1097