388 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Komaroff, A. L. (2000a). The biology of chronic fatigue syndrome.
American Journal of Medicine, 108,169...171.
Komaroff, A. L. (2000b). The physical basis of CFS. CFIDS
Research Review, 1(2), 1...3, 11.
Komaroff, A. L., Fagioli, L. R., Geiger, A. M., Doolittle, T. H., Lee,
J., Kornish, R. J., et al. (1996). An examination of the working
case de“nition of chronic fatigue syndrome. American Journal
of Medicine, 100,56...64.
Kroenke, K., Wood, D., Mangelsdorff, D., Meier, N., & Powell, J.
(1988). Chronic fatigue in primary care: Prevalence, patient
characteristics and outcome. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 260,929...934.
Krupp, L. B., Mendelson, W. B., & Friedman, R. (1991). An
overview of chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psy-
chiatry, 52(10), 403...410.
Landay, A. L., Jessop, C., Lennette, E. T., & Levy, J. A. (1991).
Chronic fatigue syndrome: Clinical condition associated with
immune activation. Lancet, 338,707...712.
Lane, T. J., Matthews, D. A., & Manu, P. (1990). The low yield of
physical examinations and laboratory investigations of patients
with chronic fatigue. American Journal of Medical Science,
299 (5), 313...318.
Lange, G., DeLuca, J., Maldjian, J. A., Lee, H., Tiersky, L. A., &
Natelson, B. H. (1999). Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a sub-
set of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neuro-
logical Sciences, 171,3...7.
Lange, G., Wang, S., DeLuca, J., & Natelson, B. H. (1998). Neu-
roimaging in chronic fatigue syndrome. American Journal of
Medicine, 105(SA), 50S...53S.
Laurie, S. M., Manders, D. N., Geddes, J. R., & Pelosi, A. J. (1997).
A population-based incidence study of chronic fatigue. Psycho-
logical Medicine, 27,343...353.
Lawrie, S. M., & Pelosi, A. J. (1995). Chronic fatigue syndrome in
the community. Prevalence and associations. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 166,793...797.
Leckliter, I. N., & Matarazzo, J. D. (1994). Diagnosis and clas-
sification. In V. B. Van Hasselt & M. Hersen (Eds.), Ad-
vanced abnormal psychology(pp. 3...18). New York: Plenum
Press.
Leese, G., Chattington, P., Fraser, W., Vora, J., Edwards, R., &
Williams, G. (1996). Short-term night-shift working mimics the
pituitary-adrenocortical dysfunction in chronic fatigue syn-
drome.Journal of Clinical Endocrinological Metabolism, 81(5),
1867...1870.
Lerner, A. M., Lawrie, C., & Dworkin, H. S. (1993). Repetitively
negative changing T waves at 24-h electrocardiographic moni-
tors in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Chest, 104,
1417...1421.
Levine, P. H. (1997). Epidemiologic advances in chronic fatigue
syndrome.Journal of Psychiatric Research, 31(1), 7...18.
Lloyd, A. R., Hickie, I., Boughton, C. R., Spencer, O., & Wake“eld,
D. (1990). Prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in an
Australian population. Medical Journal of Australia, 153,
522...528.
Maier, S. F., Watkins, L. R., & Fleshner, M. (1994). Psychoneu-
roimmunology: The interface between behavior, brain, and im-
munity. American Psychologist, 49,1004...1017.
Matarazzo, J. (1983). The reliability of psychiatric and psychological
diagnosis. In J. Hooley, J. Neale, & G. Davidson (Eds.), Readings
in abnormal psychology(pp. 36...65). New York: Wiley.
Manu, P., Lane, T. J., & Matthews, D. A. (1988). The frequency of
the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in patients with symptoms of per-
sistent fatigue. Annals of Internal Medicine, 109,554...556.
McKenzie, R., O•Fallon, A., Dale, J., Demitrack, M., Sharma, G.,
Deloria, M., et al. (1998). Low-dose hydrocortisone for treat-
ment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of the American
Medical Association, 280(12), 1061...1066.
Miller, G. E., & Cohen, S. (2001). Psychological interventions and
the immune system: A meta-analytic review and critique. Health
Psychology, 20,47...63.
Morriss, R. K., Ahmed, M., Wearden, A. J., Mullis, R., Strickland,
P., Appleby, L., et al. (1999). The role of depression in pain, psy-
chophysiological syndromes, and medically unexplained symp-
toms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of
Affective Disorders, 55,143...148.
Murray, T. J. (1995). The psychosocial aspects of multiple sclerosis.
Neurologic Clinics, 13,197...223.
Name-Change Survey Results. (1997). Available from: http://www.c“ds
.org/chronicle/97summer/survey.html.
Natelson, B. H., Cheu, J., Pareja, J., Ellis, S. P., Policastro, T., &
Findley, T. W. (1996). Randomized, double blind, controlled
placebo-phase in trial of low dose phenelzine in the chronic
fatigue syndrome. Psychopharmacology, 124,226...230.
Natelson, B. H., Cohen, J. M., Brassloff, I., & Lee, H. J. (1993). A
controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients
with fatiguing illnesses. Journal of the Neurological Sciences,
120,213...217.
Nicolson, G. L., Nasralla, M. Y., Haier, J., Irwine, R., Nicolson,
N. L., & Ngwenya, R. (1999). Mycoplasmal infections in
chronic illnesses: Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndromes,
Gulf War illness, HIV-AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis. Medical
Sentinel, 4,172...175.
Nisenbaum, R., Reyes, M., Mawle, A. C., & Reeves, W. C. (1998).
Factor analysis of unexplained severe fatigue and interrelated
symptoms: Overlap with criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 148,72...77.
Patarca, R., Fletcher, M. A., & Klimas, N. G. (1993). Immunologi-
cal correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome. In P. J. Goodnick &
N. G. Klimas (Eds.), Chronic fatigue and related immune defi-
ciency syndromes(pp. 1...21). Washington, DC: American Psy-
chiatric Press.
Patarca-Montero, R., Mark, T., Fletcher, M. A., & Klimas, N. G.
(2000). Immunology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 6,69...107.