Table 3. Estimates from a fixed-effects model, 1980-2004 (lag term included, standard errors in
parentheses). Dependent variable: per capita CO 2 emissions in metric tons.
All Countries
Per capita GDP
.1117***
(.0225)
Per capita GDP^2
-.0043***
(.0009)
Per capita GDP^3
.0001***
(.0000)
Agricultural sector
-.0044***
(.0012)
Service sector
.0077***
(.0018)
Service sector^2
-.0001***
(.0000)
Exports
.0000
(.0008)
Imports
.0007
(.0011)
Urbanization
.0121*
(.0049)
Urbanization^2
-.0001**
(.0000)
Lagged per capita CO 2
.6226***
(.0696)
Constant
-.5582**
(.1921)
Number of observations
2223
- p < .05 ** p< .01 *** p < .001