22 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 90–1; C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, pp. 28–9.
23 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 91.
24 van Wingerden, The women’s suffrage movement, pp. 58–9.
25 Crawford, The women’s suffrage movement, p. 500.
26 Women’s Suffrage Journal, 1 January 1889, p. 8; Strachey, ‘The cause’, pp. 281–2.
27 Women’s Suffrage Journal, 1 January 1889, p. 2; E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 94; Holton,
Suffrage days, pp. 75–6.
28 Women’s Suffrage Journal, 1 April 1889, p. 48.
29 Holton, Suffrage days, p. 75.
30 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 103.
31 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 28.
32 The literature here is extensive, but see Rubinstein, Before the suffragettes, pp. 12–20; J.
Gardiner (ed.), The new women, women’s voices 1880–1918(London, Collins & Brown,
1993); E. Showalter (ed.), Daughters of decadence, women writers of the fin de siècle
(London, Virago, 1993); S. Ledger, The new woman, fictions and feminism at the fin de siècle
(Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997); Caine, English feminism, Chapter 4.
33 S. Stanley Holton, Now you see it, now you don’t: the Women’s Franchise League and its
place in contending narratives of the women’s suffrage movement, in The women’s suffrage
movement, eds Joannou and Purvis, p. 19. I draw heavily upon Holton’s chapter in the
following discussion. See also Rubinstein, Before the suffragettes, pp. 143–5. The only
Minute Book I have been able to locate is the Women’s Franchise League, Minute Book
of the Executive Committee, 1890–6, in the Special Collections, Northwestern
University Library, Illinois, USA (hereafter WFLMB), and I am grateful to R. Russell
Maylone, the Curator, for arranging for a microfilm version to be sent to me.
34 Holton, The Women’s Franchise League, p. 19.
35 Interview with Mrs. Pankhurst, The Woman’s Herald, 7 February 1891, p. 241.
36 H. Stanton Blatch and A. Lutz, Challenging years: the memoirs of Harriot Stanton Blatch
(New York, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940), p. 73; E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 111–12.
37 Holton, The Women’s Franchise League, pp. 23–4. On the importance of these transat-
lantic links see also S. S. Holton, ‘To educate women into rebellion’: Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and the creation of a transatlantic network of radical suffragists, American
Historical Review, 99, 4, October 1994, pp. 1,112–36; S. S. Holton, From anti-slavery to
suffrage militancy: the Bright circle, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the British women’s
movement, in Suffrage & beyond: international feminist perspectives, eds C. Daley and M.
Nolan (Auckland, Auckland University Press, 1994), pp. 213–33.
38 Holton, The Women’s Franchise League, p. 25; Rosen, Rise up women!, p. 17.
39 Holton, The Women’s Franchise League, p. 25.
40 Ibid., pp. 24–5.
41 Ibid., p. 21.
42 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 29.
43 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 16.
44 Women’s Franchise League Leaflet, dated 1891, Appendix 2, Scott Papers, Manchester
GuardianArchive, John Rylands University Library, University of Manchester.
45 Holton, Suffrage days, p. 76. Holton states that Elmy drafted this 1889 bill.
46 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 97; E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 30.
47 Rosen, Rise up women!, p. 17.
48 Alice Scatcherd to Harriet McIlquham, 28 October 1890, WL.
49 For the circumstances surrounding her resignation see Holton, The Women’s Franchise
League, p. 21.
50 EP to Mrs. Wood, 11 July 1890, WL.
51 Minutes of the Executive Committee, 25 July 1890, WFLMB.
52 Interview with Emmeline Pankhurst, 1891, p. 241.
NOTES