A66 INDEX
Death with Dignity Act (Oreg.; 1994), 81,
117–18
debates, 205–6
debt, 432, 436, 437, 439
defi cits vs., 437, 438
post-Revolutionary War, 26, 27, 30, 359
decision making, 9
of Supreme Court, 378–82
Declaration of Independence, 25, 26, 391
political theories in, 28–29
Deepwater Horizon, 325
de facto segregation, 404–5
defendant, as term, 361
defendants’ rights, 96, 96, 110–16, 119
defense, 6–7, 7, 8, 9, 58, 60, 142
Defense Department, U.S., 237, 287, 302,
328, 335
foreign policy and role of, 476
number of employees in, 338
Defense of Marriage Act (1996), 62, 414
defi cits, 433, 436, 437, 437, 440, 481
cutting spending in reduction of, 439
debt vs., 437, 438
of 1980s, 439
DeJonge v. Oregon, 96
de jure segregation, 404
Delaware, 183
DeLay, Tom, 342
delegates, 198, 259–60
allocation of, 196, 198
DeMarco, Edward, 323–24
DeMint, Jim, 23, 246
democracy, 130, 481
centralization in, 83–84
competitive federalism and, 75, 82
crime and, 110
interest groups as fundamental feature
of, 231
populist, 31
public opinion and, 140–41
republican, 6, 28, 29, 31
U.S. as representative, 193
see also elections, U.S.; federalism
Democratic Congressional Campaign
Committee (DCCC), 171
Democratic Governors’ Association, 170
Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), 170
Democratic National Committee (DNC), 163,
170 –7 1
Democratic Party, U.S., 24, 99, 132, 162,
163–64, 185, 192, 217, 295, 312, 342
affi liations by race and gender with, 16,
16, 168, 169, 174, 176
as brand name, 170
bureaucratic control and, 348
campaign fundraising and support
provided by, 179, 180
on civil rights issues, 168
cloture rule and, 12
congressional caucus of, 171–72
Contras and, 41
culture wars refl ected in election results
of, 14
economic policy and, 435
founding and history of, 164–68, 164,
165, 295
gay marriage and, 144
global warming and, 144
House controlled by, 11–12, 305, 419
identifi cation with, 12, 14, 16, 16, 17, 129,
130, 132, 140, 140
ideolog y and, 14, 16, 17, 81, 172–73,
172, 180
immigration and, 419
judicial appointments and, 371
larger federal government favored by,
166, 167, 168
Latinos in, 395
leadership positions in, 309–10
party coalitions in, 174–75, 176
party identifi cation in electorate of,
173 –74 , 174 , 175
party in government of, 171–73
party organizations of, 169–71
political machines in, 166
presidential platforms of, 179–80
primaries of, 377, 393
recruiting and nominating of candidates
in, 178
regulation and, 14, 167, 168, 169
Senate controlled by, 11–12, 305, 419
social policy approaches favored by,
452, 455
southern, 333, 393, 399
spending and, 14
taxes and, 14
see also elections, U.S.
Democratic-Republicans, 63, 98, 164–65
Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
(DSCC), 172
demographics, 132
Denmark, 486
Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), 213,
428–29
depression, see economic depression; Great
Depression
deregulation, of media, 151–52
Derthick, Martha, 84
descriptive representation, 258–59
desegregation, 400–402, 403–5
of schools, see school desegregation
see also segregation
détente, 473
Detroit, Mich., 404
digital media, 146
Dingell, John, 12
diplomacy, as foreign policy tool, 485–86
direct incitement test, 99, 100
direct lobbying, 240–41
disabled people, civil rights of, 392,
413–14, 413
discount rate, 442
discretionary spending, 439, 440
discrimination, 16, 72, 73, 76, 77, 79, 83, 89,
91, 95, 362, 389–90, 396
in employment, 405, 412, 414, 416, 418
gender, see gender discrimination
racial, see racial discrimination
reverse, 374, 416, 418
sexual, 412
dissents, 378
distributive theory, 277–78
district courts, 358, 364, 365
District of Columbia, 110courts in, 364, 365
school desegregation in, 404
districts, 73
diversity, 16, 17, 415
divided government, 182, 439
social policies impacted by, 432
divorce, 12
DNA research, 459
Doctors without Borders, 481
domestic spying, see surveillance
Dominican Republic, 485
Dominicans, 395
domino theory, 473
”don’t ask, don’t tell,” 118, 133, 414–15, 414
double jeopardy, 96, 114
Douglas, William O., 373
draft, military, 40, 98
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 64, 65–66, 65, 94, 359,
392–93
drinking laws, 73, 407, 408
drones, 293–94, 347, 471, 471
Drug-Free Workplace Act (1988), 112
drugs, 14, 118, 326, 327–28, 329
advertising of, 103
employment and, 107, 112
medical use of illegal, 79, 81, 81
possession of, 93, 111
prevention of abuse of, 312
regulation of, 81, 107, 327–28
religion and, 107
safety of, 326, 327, 329, 330–31, 348
drug-sniffi ng dogs, 93, 93
drug testing, 112
dual federalism 64–67, 65, 360; federalism,
dual
due process, 37, 59, 66, 76, 91, 91, 92, 96,
110–16, 111, 115, 118, 391, 482
gay rights and, 410
due process clause, 95
Dukes, Betty, 412
Duncan v. Louisiana, 96
Dunkin’ Donuts, 410earmarks, 271, 273
see also pork-barrel spending
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 459–60
economic depression, 434
economic disparity, role of federalism in
dealing with, 82
economic groups, 232
economic growth, as economic policy goal,
436
economic individualism, 14
economic interests:
Articles of Confederation and, 26–27
Constitutional Convention and, 29–30,
34–36
Constitution and, 60, 62
political confl ict about, 14
public opinion and, 129, 130, 141, 143, 217
economic policy:
bureaucracy and role in, 431
congressional role in, 429–31, 443–44,
445–47
courts and indirect role in, 433
fi nancial crisis of 2008 and, 445–48
fi scal theories and policies in, 437–40