INDEX A69foreign policy, 260, 303–4, 467–89, 470, 471
alliances and treaties as tool in, 473, 476,
477, 487
Congress and, 475, 475
control of, 26, 38, 40, 41, 58, 59
defi nition of, 469
diplomacy used in, 485–86
foreign aid in, 486–87, 486
general principles of, 469–71
history and evolution of, 471–74
human rights as issue in, 469, 473, 474,
476, 485
idealist vs. realist views in, 470–71,
487–88
interest groups and infl uence on, 478–80
international trade and, 364, 473, 478,
484–85, 484
Iraq War and, see Iraq War
key players in shaping of, 475–83, 475
media and infl uence on, 480
military component of, 469, 473, 474,
476, 483–84, 483, 487
NGOs and international organizations
in, 481, 483
peacekeeping and humanitarian
operations in, 476, 487
political confl ict in, 469, 472, 487–88, 489
president and, 475, 475
president’s central role in, 475, 477,
478, 482
public opinion as infl uential on, 480–81
public opinion on, 16, 480–81, 487, 488
September 11th attacks and impact on,
484, 489
terrorism threat and, 469–70, 474, 474,
478, 484
theories of, 469
tools of, 483–87
trade agreements in, 473, 478,
484–85, 489
U.S. history and evolution of, 487
WMDs and nuclear proliferation as issue
in, 469, 473, 485
see also specifi c presidents
Foundation for Traffi c Safety, 234
Founders, 6, 7–8, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 48
Fourteen Points, 472
Fourteenth Amendment, 66–67, 76, 77, 78, 91,
95–96, 111, 115, 118, 395, 420
due process clause of, 391, 410
equal protection clause of, 391, 393, 404,
406–8, 410, 417
Fourth Amendment, 93, 94, 96, 110–13, 116
fourth party system, 164, 166–67
Fox mainstream Network, 146, 151, 152
Fox News Network, 147
framing, 152, 153
France, 58, 481, 482, 486
British war with, 317
Frankfurter, Felix, 377
Franklin, Benjamin, 36
Freddie Mac, see Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation
Freedmen’s Bureau, 393
freedom:
civil liberties and, 391
as not absolute, 91
freedom of assembly, 90, 96, 96, 97, 101, 108
freedom of religion, 9, 90, 92, 96, 96, 97,
104–9, 108, 119, 391
see also religion
freedom of speech, 9, 24, 37, 47–48, 66, 89, 90,
91, 95–96, 96, 97–101, 106, 108, 118,
119, 391
symbolic, 379
freedom of the press, 37, 66, 91, 92, 96, 96, 97,
101–2, 108, 119, 391
free exercise clause, 104, 106–9, 108
free market, 14
environmentalism, 446, 446
government regulation of, 9, 436, 444
ideological views on, 16
production of public goods by, 9
promotion of, as economic policy goal,
436, 436
social policies and role of, 450
free riding, 8, 13
free trade, 296, 297, 485
free trade zones, 485
French and Indian War (1754–63), 25
French Revolution, 98
frontloading, in primaries, 196–97
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 392
full employment, 434, 447
full faith and credit clause, 61, 62gambling, 14, 77
Gates, Bill, 440, 452
gays, gay rights, 16, 58, 78, 100, 118–19, 128,
133, 133, 137, 144, 298, 355, 392,
396, 397, 399, 400, 402, 410–11, 414
civil rights of, 419, 420
discrimination against, 89
marriage and, 12, 14, 16, 23, 44, 45, 62,
62, 79, 125, 126, 144, 194, 355, 396,
399, 410–11, 414, 414, 419
military and, 89–90, 133, 133, 137,
414–15, 419
sex and, 382, 410
GDP, see gross domestic product
Geithner, Timothy, 447
gender:
hate speech and, 100
juries and, 115
laws concerning, 76, 77, 78
political infl uence of, 16, 132, 134
relationship of voting patterns to,
16, 176
as source of political confl ict, 16
gender discrimination, 412
in education, 408, 410
EEOC and, 412, 413
”gender gap,” 16
general election, 194, 205, 206
federal funding in, 209, 211
General Electric, 238, 240
General Motors, 230, 240, 288
General Services Administration (GSA), 328,
328, 342
number of employees in, 338
General Social Survey, 139
genocide, 482, 482
Georgia, 112, 407, 410
sodomy in, 410Germany, 472, 482, 486
Gerry, Elbridge, 37, 92, 265
gerrymandering, 265, 266
types of, 265
get-out-the-vote activities, 179, 204, 217
Gibbons v. Ogden, 63–64, 65
G.I. Bill, 434, 461
Gideon, Clarence, 115
Gideon v. Wainwright, 96, 115
Gingrich, Newt, 192, 415
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 370, 380, 381
Gitlow, Benjamin, 95
Gitlow v. New York, 95, 96
”glass ceiling,” 410
global warming, 11, 74, 128, 144, 175, 343,
446, 488
see also climate change
going public, 310–11
Goldman Sachs, 448
Gonzales v. Oregon, 81
Gonzales v. Raich, 81
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 410
Google, 147
Gore, Al, 196, 200
expanded vice presidential role of, 313
in 2000 election, 182, 184
government, divided, 182
government, federal:
aid and benefi ts to wealthy provided by,
451–52
Articles of Confederation period of,
25–27
branches of, 8, 38–42
criticism of, 64, 98–99
deception by, 102
Democrat vs. Republican views on
size and role of, 164, 166, 168, 169,
217, 218
economic policy of, 436
education policies enacted by, 450, 461
Federalist and Antifederalist views of,
30, 164–65, 164
forms of, 6, 58–60
health care debate and, 168, 459
infl uence on everyday life of, 12–13, 12
interest groups and infl uence on, 231,
235, 246, 248–49, 248
limited, 16, 25, 37, 48, 79, 94, 127, 142
Madison’s views on, 7–8, 29
order as goal of, 6–8
poverty programs and, 167, 168
power of, 8, 23, 26, 29, 30–32, 34, 37,
38–42, 94, 95
public goods provided by, 8
public opinion on, 74, 127, 140–42,
142, 143
purpose of, 6–9
relationships between levels of, 67–68,
73, 79–82
religion and, 104–9
size of, 13, 72, 142, 331, 335, 337
spending and, 161, 162
spending by, see spending, federal
state aid by, 68, 70, 72
2008 bailout and, 229
welfare as goal of, 8–9
workforce of, 13, 112