Index 899Junction fi eld effect transistors
(JFETs) , 186 , 274 ,
295–299 , 300
Junction transistors , 283–286
circuit confi gurations , 289–291 ,
292
L
Law of sound insulation , 848 , 849
Lead-in , 615
Lead-out , 615
Least signifi cant bit (LSB) ,
417–418 , 441
Lenz’s law , 668
Level , 34
and loudness , 14–16
Light-dependent resistor (LDR) ,
273
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ,
117 , 136–137 , 260
Line-level audio stages , 789–793
Linear ICs , see Analog ICs
Linearity:
bipolar transistors , 188–192 ,
193
fi eld effect devices , 193 ,
194–197
Linn/Naim , 176 , 177
Live-music console , 773 , 775
LM 324 IC , 130
LM 386 IC , 130
LM 555, timer IC , 131
LM 741 IC , 130
Load-matching transformer , see
Output transformer
Log charts, using:
10 log x chart , 58–59
20 log x chart , 59–60
Log multiplier , 35–37
Logarithm of a number, to any
base , 60–61
Logic devices , 131
Long-tailed pair circuit , 191 , 358 ,
292
Longitudinal time code (LTC) ,
837–839
Lossless compression , 580
Loudspeaker enclosures , 705
confi gurations , 712 , 719
active crossovers , 716–717
active manifestations ,
717–718
bi-wiring , 718
crossover point , 714
crossovers , 713–714
matching levels , 713
parallel connection , 713
passive crossovers , 714
passive low level , 714–715
drivers , 705
common voice coil , 707–708
compression drivers ,
706–707
cone drivers , 705–706
electrostatic loudspeaker ,
708–709
inductive coupling , 709–710
piezo driver , 709
ribbon driver , 708
soft and hard dome drivers ,
707
interrelation of components:
acoustic contribution , 723
damping factor , 724–726
design interaction , 726–727
energy control , 724
impedances , 720
low vs. high impedances ,
720
passive crossover effects ,
722–723 , 728–729
static vs. transient , 723
variation vs. frequency ,
720–722
voltage , 723–724
sensitivity vs. effi ciency ,
710–711
types and effi ciencies , 711–712Loudspeakers , 675
characteristic impedance , 677
diaphragm profi le , 687–688
diaphragm size , 685–687
diaphragm/suspension
assembly , 685
directivity , 678 , 679
electrical analogue , 682–684
material , 690–691
motional impedance , 697
analogue models , 699–703
moving coil loudspeaker ,
694–696
radiation from piston , 677–678
radiation impedance , 677
radiation of sound , 675–677
soft domes , 691
sound pressure, produced at a
distance , 679–682
straight-sided cones , 688–690
suspension , 692–693
voice coil , 693–694
Low bit/bit-stream decoding , 499
Low-cost audio editing , 597
Low noise IC op-amps , 182
Low-pass fi lter , 796 , 797M
Macintosh , 593
Macrovision system , 634
MADI standard , 575
data format , 575–576
electrical format , 576
fi ber-optic format , 576–577
scrambling and
synchronization , 576
Magnetic recording , 525–529
Magnetic theory , 750–751
Magnetization curve , 363
Magneto-optical recording ,
532–533
Magneto-resistive (MR) head , 528
Mains ground , 393
Mains transformers , 403–404