Antioch on the Orontes: for example, (A) Antioch Epiphane ̄s on the Maiandros
(mod. Aliagaçiftligi near Azizabat, BAGRW 61-H2/65-A2, S B,
s.v., #2); (B) Antioch of Pisidia (near mod. Yalvaç, OCD3 107, St. Mitchell; BAGRW
62-F5, Stephanos of Buzantion, s.v., #4); (C) Antioch of Kilikia, on Saros, formerly
Adana (BAGRW 66-G3); and (D) Antioch of Kilikia, on Kragos (mod. Endiegney/Güney
Köy; BAGRW 66-A4).
A B, I, K, S.
Antioch ⇒ Arados
Antioch ⇒ Constantia
Antioch ⇒ Edessa
Antioch ⇒ Kharax
Antioch ⇒ Nisibis
Antioch ⇒ Tarsos
Antioch on the Orontes (mod. Antakya; 36 ̊ 12 ’ N, 36 ̊ 09 ’ E): founded by Antigonos 307
BCE as Antigoneia, displaced 300 BCE and renamed by Seleukos I (in honor of his father
Antiokhos), and made the capital of the empire; expanded ca 235 and 170 BCE. After the
conquest by Rome, 64 BCE, became the capital of the province Syria (cf. Syria). Frequently
damaged by earthquakes (140 BCE, 37 CE, 115 CE); taken by the Sasanians 256 and 260 CE.
Christian center from the 1st c., and school of literal-historical interpretation of the
Christian scriptures. Capital of Coele Syria from 350 CE; of all Syria from 415 CE. After a fire
(525 CE), earthquake (526), and Sasanian conquest (540), thoroughly rebuilt by Justinian.
PECS 61 – 63, J. Lassus; ODB 113 – 116, M.M. Mango; OCD3 107, A.H.M. Jones et al.;
BAGRW 67-C4; BNP 1 (2002) 757–758, A.-M. Wittke, 758–759, T. Leisten; EJ2 2.201–202,
A. Haim and D. Kushner.
A, A VIII, I “K,” K, L,
R, V V.
% Apameia: many homonymous cities were founded in regions controlled by the
Seleukids, from one of which these men may have come, if not from Apameia on the
Orontes: for example, Apameia Kibotos, also known as Kelainai (mod. Dinar; BAGRW
65-D1); and Apameia on the Euphrate ̄s (mod. Keskince, BAGRW 67-F2); cf. S
B, s.v.
D, D.
Apameia ⇒ Murleia
Apameia on the Orontes (mod. Qalaat el-Moudiq/Qalat al-Mudiq; 35 ̊ 25 ’ N, 36 ̊ 24 ’ E):
founded 300 BCE by Seleukos I as Pella (in honor of Macedonian Pella), on the site of
Pharnaka (south and upstream of Antioch on the Orontes, north of Emesa). Soon
renamed, it served as the Seleukid treasury and horse-breeding center (S 16.2.10).
The fortress was destroyed by Pompey 64 BCE; built up under Rome in the 1st c. CE;
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