Tigris, north of Resˇaina and Constantia, west-south-west of Artemita. Under Rome
from 66 BCE (cf. Syria); fortified against the bordering Sasanians by Constantius II ca 345
CE; taken by the Sasanians 359– 363 CE. Monastic center in the 5th c.; taken by Sasanians
and then successfully and devastatingly besieged by Rome 503 – 506 CE; under frequent
attack by Persians and Huns until 562 CE; suffered from the plague of 542 CE. PECS 49,
R.P. Harper; S.A. Harvey, Asceticism and Society in Crisis (1990) 57–65; ODB 77, M.M. Mango;
BAGRW 89-C3; BNP 1 (2002) 580–581, J. Pahlitzsch.
A.
Amisos (mod. Samsun; 41 ̊ 17 ’ N, 36 ̊ 20 ’ E): Greek colony on south coast of Black Sea, east
of Sino ̄pe ̄ and west of Trapezous, founded in the mid-8th c. BCE (at the terminus of a
trade route), restored to democracy by Alexander of Macedon, and then serving as port to
Amaseia; expanded by M VI, destroyed and restored by Lucullus 71 BCE;
survived a siege 48– 47 BCE and a tyrant 36– 31 BCE. PECS 49, D.R. Wilson; OCD3 72,
St. Mitchell; BAGRW 87-B3; BNP 1 (2002) 581–582, E. Olshausen.
D, H.
Amiternum (mod. S. Vittorino; 42 ̊ 24 ’ N, 13 ̊ 19 ’ E): south-east of Spoletium, north-west
of Sulmo, traditional capital of the Sabines, fully Roman by the 2nd c. BCE. PECS 49 – 50,
E.T. Salmon; BAGRW 42-E4; BNP 1 (2002) 582, G. Uggeri.
S C.
Amphipolis (mod. Amphipolis; 40 ̊ 49 ’ N, 23 ̊ 51 ’ E): coastal city of Thrake ̄, 4 km north
of the estuary of the Strumon river (north of Stageira). Colonized from Athens by
Hagno ̄n, son of Nikias, in 437– 436 BCE, in turn capital of the Edones and Macedon, then
serving as Alexander’s chief mint. It remained an important way-station under the Romans
on the Via Egnatia. PECS 51 – 52, D. Lazarides; OCD3 76, J.M.R. Cormack and N.G.L.
Hammond; BAGRW 51-B3; BNP 1 (2002) 605, R.M. Errington. (Contrast the Syrian
homonym, mod. Jebel Khaled; BAGRW 67-G4.)
E.
Amphissa (mod. Salona/Amfissa; 38 ̊ 32 ’ N, 22 ̊ 22 ’ E): largest city of west Lokris, west
of Khairo ̄neia; from 196 BCE allied with Aitolia, often in conflict with Delphi; many
Aitolians settled here after Actium 31 BCE, and the city thereafter claimed to be Aitolian.
PECS 993, L. Lerat; OCD3 76, W.M. Murray; BAGRW 55-C3; BNP 1 (2002) 606, G. Daverio
Rocchi.
P.
Anazarbos (mod. Anavarza Kalesi; 37 ̊ 15 ’ N, 35 ̊ 52 ’ E): city of Kilikia in the valley of the
Puramos river, near Mallos and Tarsos; refounded 19 BCE by A. PECS 53 – 54,
M. Gough; BAGRW 67-B2.
D, O.
Antinoeia/Antinoopolis (mod. Sheik Ibada; 27 ̊ 49 ’ N, 30 ̊ 53 ’ E): city of Upper Egypt,
on the east bank of the Nile, across from Hermopolis Magna, downstream of Pano ̄polis
and upstream of Oxyrhynchos; founded by Hadrian 130 CE, where his beloved Antinoos
had drowned; capital of the Thebaid nome under Diocletian; a Christian bishopric from
the 3rd c. S B, s.v.; RE 1.2 (1894) 2442 (#2), R. Pietschmann;
PECS 60, S. Shenouda; OCD3 106, W.E.H. Cockle; BAGRW 77-D1; BNP 1 (2002) 756,
R. Grieshammer.
P (?), S.
% Antioch/Antiokheia: many cities were founded under this name in regions controlled
by the Seleukids, from one of which these men may have come, if they are not from
GAZETTEER