far inland, and south of Corinth and Sikuo ̄n. Prosperous in Mycenaean times, rival of
Sparta from early times, responsible for the destruction of Asine ̄, neutral in the Persian
Wars. Democratic from ca 460 BCE and allied with Athens. Variously ruled in the
Hellenistic period; devastated by the Goths 267 and by Alaric 395 CE. (Homonymous sites
existed, all distinguished by some epithet: e.g., Akarnanian Argos, and Argos Hippion,
BAGRW 45-C1.) PECS 90 – 91, J.F. Bommelaer; OCD3 155, R.A. Tomlinson and A.J.S.
Spawforth; BAGRW 58-D2; BNP 1 (2002) 1070–1073, Y. Lafond.
H, K, L, P, P, S.
Arpinum (mod. Arpino; 41 ̊ 30 ’ N, 13 ̊ 37 ’ E): town of the Volsci, a few kilometers off the
Via Latina (south-east of Praeneste and north-west of Beneventum), and under Rome
since 305 BCE; granted full Roman citizenship in 188 BCE, and made a municipium in
90 BCE. PECS 95, D.C. Scavone; OCD3 175, E.T. Salmon and D.W.R. Ridgeway; BAGRW
44-E2; BNP 2 (2003) 20, G. Uggeri.
M. T C, Q. T C.
Artemita (mod. Edremit; 38 ̊ 25 ’ N, 43 ̊ 15 ’ E): “noteworthy” city on the east shore of
Lake Thospitis (mod. Lake Van), across from Xoren, east-north-east on the road from
Amida, and north-east of Nisibis: S 16.1.17, P 6.117. RE 2.2 (1896) 1443
(#1), S. Fraenkel; BAGRW 89-F2.
A.
% Asine ̄ (Argive: mod. Tolon/Asine; 37 ̊ 33 ’ N, 22 ̊ 52 ’ E; Messe ̄nian: mod. Koroni; 36 ̊ 48 ’
N, 21 ̊ 57 ’ E): the ancient city, south-east of Argos, and directly south of Corinth, was
subjugated by Argos ca 8th c. BCE, the refugees being settled by Sparta at Messe ̄nian
Asine ̄. It does not seem possible to determine from which Asine ̄ Theodo ̄ros came. S-
B, s.v.; RE 2.2 (1896) 1582 (#2), E. Oberhummer; PECS 100 – 101,
P. Aström; OCD3 191, R.A. Tomlinson; BAGRW 58-D2 (Argive), B4 (Messe ̄nian). (Contrast
Asine ̄ of Lako ̄nika, mod. Skoutari, BAGRW 58-D2.)
T.
Askalon (mod. Ashkelon; 31 ̊ 04 ’ N, 34 ̊ 34 ’ E): ancient coastal city, north-north-east of
Gaza and west of Eleutheropolis; alternately Egyptian and Assyrian, and never Jewish;
under the Persians, a dependency of Tu ro s; after the conquest of Alexander of Macedon,
alternately Ptolemaic and Seleukid. Independent from 104 BCE; a banking and commercial
center, devoted to the worship of the fish-goddess Atargatis and resistant to Christianity.
PECS 98 – 99, A. Negev; BAGRW 70-F2; BNP 2 (2003) 92, M. Köckert; EJ2 2.567–568,
M. Avi-Yonah and Sh. Gibson.
E, I, U.
Askra (mod. Episkopi?; 38 ̊ 19 ’ N, 23 ̊ 05 ’ E): small town of Boio ̄tia, between Khairo ̄neia
and Plataia, and west of The ̄bai. PECS 101, P. Roesch; BAGRW 55-E4; BNP 2 (2003) 107,
K. Freitag.
H.
Assos (mod. Beyramkale; 39 ̊ 29 ’ N, 26 ̊ 20 ’ E): coastal colony of Me ̄thumna (7th c. BCE?)
in the Troas, allied with Athens in the 5th c. BCE, and stronghold of the rebellious satrap
Ariobazarne ̄s 366 BCE.; in the later 4th c., ruled by tyrants and visited by A.
Prosperous from shipping; came under the rule of Pergamon 227/6 BCE, and thence to
Rome in 133 BCE. PECS 104 – 105, H.S. Robinson; OCD3 194 – 195, St. Mitchell; BAGRW
56-C3; BNP 2 (2003) 184–185, E. Schwertheim.
K.
Astupalaia (mod. Astupalaia; 36 ̊ 33 ’ N, 26 ̊ 21 ’ E): Aegean island, colonized by Megara,
GAZETTEER