P, T.
Eretria (mod. Eretria; 38 ̊ 24 ’ N, 23 ̊ 48 ’ E): on south coast of Euboia, near Khalkis, with
whom long at odds; destroyed by Darius 490 BCE, and allied with Athens in the 5th c. BCE.
Here Menede ̄mos had his school of philosophy, ca 300 BCE. Sacked by Rome 198 BCE, and
in the war with M VI, after which abandoned. PECS 315 – 317, T.W. Jacobsen;
OCD3 555, W.A. Laidlaw and S. Hornblower; BAGRW 59-C1; BNP 5 (2004) 23–24 (#1),
P. Ducrey. (Contrast the small town of Phthiotis, BAGRW 55-D2.)
D.
% Eruthrai (mod. Ildır; 38 ̊ 23 ’ N, 26 ̊ 29 ’ E): coastal city opposite Khios; allied with
Athens in the 5th c. BCE; then variously allied (including with Rome and Pergamon).
PECS 317, E. Akurgal; OCD3 557, G.E. Bean et al.; BAGRW 56-C5; BNP 5 (2004) 54– 55
(#2), H. Engelmann and E. Olshausen. (Compare many other sites with the same or similar
names, S B, s.v., such as in Boio ̄tia, mod. Darimari, BAGRW 55-
E4/59-A2; in west Lokris, mod. Monastiraki, BAGRW 55-B4; or in Malis, mod. Phrantzi,
BAGRW 55-C3.)
D (?), H.
Etruria: homeland of the Etruscans, modern Tuscany; conquered by Rome in the 4th–
2nd centuries BCE, the native culture had essentially disappeared by the mid-1st c. CE. BNP
5 (2004) 93–102, G. Camporeale.
Sites: Volsinii.
People: A G.
Firmum Picenum (mod. Fermo; 43 ̊ 10 ’ N, 13 ̊ 43 ’ E): north-east of Spoletium, 8 km
inland from the Adriatic coast, occupied from the early Iron Age, under Rome from 264
BCE, as a colonia; sided with Rome against Hannibal (215 BCE) and in the Social Wars
(90– 89 BCE). Sided with C in 48 BCE and with Octavian in 44 BCE. Declined
in imperial times. PECS 329, L. Richardson, Jr.; BAGRW 42-F2; BNP 5 (2004) 435–436,
G. Uggeri.
T.
Forum Iulii (mod. Fréjus; 43 ̊ 26 ’ N, 06 ̊ 44 ’ E): harbor town in Gallia Narbonensis, west of
Nikaia, east of Massalia, near the mouth of the Argens river. Founded probably by
C 49 BCE; made an important naval base by A after 31 BCE. PECS
335 – 336, C. Goudineau; OCD3 607, C.E. Stevens and J.F. Drinkwater; BAGRW 16-C3;
BNP 5 (2004) 531 (#IV.4), E. Olshausen. (Contrast the Forum Iulii north of Aquileia,
BAGRW 19-F3.)
I G.
Gabala (mod. Jableh; 35 ̊ 22 ’ N, 35 ̊ 55 ’ E): old coastal town, with good harbor, a little
south of Laodikeia on the Sea and north of Arados; Phoenician settlement under
Arados. The 5th c. bishop Theodo ̄re ̄tos of Kurrhos declared it a “charming little town.”
RE 7.1 (1910) 415 (#5), I. Benzinger; PECS 340, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; BAGRW 68-A3.
S.
Gadara (mod. Umm Qais; 32 ̊ 39 ’ N, 35 ̊ 41 ’ E): south-east of the Sea of Galilee; under the
Seleukids from 198 BCE, as Antioch or Seleukeia, then renamed for the Macedonian city
(P 5.71.3); freed by Pompey in 64 BCE, the city was rebuilt. Presented by A
to Herod (cf. Gaza), upon whose death the city was annexed to the Roman province of
Syria (cf. Syria). PECS 341, A. Negev; BAGRW 69-C4; BNP 5 (2004) 635, T. Leisten; EJ2
7.331, M. Avi-Yonah and Sh. Gibson.
M (?), P, P, T.
GAZETTEER