C A.
Halikarnassos (mod. Bodrum; 37 ̊ 01 ’ N, 27 ̊ 25 ’ E): Karian city controlling the sea route
between Ko ̄s and western Anatolia. Colonized by Troizen ca 900 BCE, culturally Ionic
during the Classical era. Allied with Athens in the 5th c. BCE, and served as an Athenian
naval station after 412 BCE. Mausso ̄llos made the site his capital, ca 370 BCE, and engaged
in extensive and spectacular rebuilding. Besieged and captured by Alexander of Macedon
334 BCE; under Rome from 129 BCE. PECS 375 – 376, G.E. Bean; OCD3 664, J.M. Cook
and S. Hornblower; BAGRW 61-E3; BNP 5 (2004) 1110–1113, H. Kaletsch and C. Höcker.
D (?), H, S.
He ̄liopolis (Egypt) (mod. Matariya at north edge of Cairo; 30 ̊ 08 ’ N, 31 ̊ 18 ’ E): ancient
city east of the Nile and at the Delta’s apex, north of Diospolis; center of the worship
of the Egyptian sun-god Ra, and center of wisdom (H 2.3, 2.59); although
mostly deserted by the 1st c. BCE (S 17.1.29). BAGRW 74-E4; BNP 6 (2005) 76,
S.J. Seidlmayer. (Contrast the homonym north of Damaskos, mod. Ba’albek, BAGRW
69-D1; BNP 2 [2003] 439–440, T. Leisten.)
A, D, P.
% He ̄rakleia: many homonymous sites existed (cf. S B, s.v., listing
23), from any of which these men may have come, if not from He ̄rakleia Pontike ̄ or
He ̄rakleia Salbake ̄. Compare, e.g.: (A) in Lucania (near mod. Policoro; PECS 384,
R.R. Holloway; OCD3 684, T.R.S. Broughton and St. Mitchell; BAGRW 46-E1; BNP 6
[2005] 154–155 [#10], G. Camassa); (B) He ̄rakleia Minoa in Sicily (mod. Eraclea Minoa;
PECS 385 – 386, P. Orlandini; BAGRW 47-C4; BNP 6 [2005] 153–154 [#9], G. Falco);
(C) He ̄rakleia Lunkestis in Illyria (near mod. Bitola; PECS 385, J. Wiseman; BAGRW
49-D2; BNP 6 [2005] 150–151 [#2], R.M. Errington); (D) He ̄rakleia Trakhis (PECS 386,
Y. Béquignon; OCD3 684, B. Helly; BAGRW 55-C3; BNP 6 [2005] 150 [#1], H. Kramolisch);
(E) He ̄rakleia Idale ̄ (near mod. Ayvalık; BAGRW 56-D3); (F) Peloponnesian He ̄rakleia
(mod. Brouma; BAGRW 58-B2); (G) He ̄rakleia on Latmos (mod. Kapıkırı; PECS 384 – 385,
W.L. MacDonald; OCD3 684, A.J.S. Spawforth; BAGRW 61-F2; BNP 6 [2005] 151 [#5],
A. Peschlow-Bindokat); and (H) Syrian He ̄rakleia (mod. Ras Ihn Hani; BAGRW 68-A2).
E, M, N, P.
He ̄rakleia Pontike ̄/He ̄rakleia on the Pontos (mod. Ereg ̆li/Karadeniz Ereg ̆li; 41 ̊ 17 ’
N, 31 ̊ 25 ’ E): on south coast of Black Sea, west of Sino ̄pe ̄ and east of Kallatis, colony of
Megara (the natives subjugated as serfs) that founded several colonies of its own; originally
primarily agricultural, after ca 450 BCE trade grew. Prosperous in the 4th c. BCE; a kingdom
from 305 BCE, after which the export economy declined; L suppressed the
kingship in 284 BCE. Allied with Rome from 188 BCE; supported M VI
in 73– 70 BCE, then sacked by Rome, which made it a colonia from 45 BCE. PECS 383,
D.R. Wilson; OCD3 684, T.R.S. Broughton and St. Mitchell; BAGRW 86-B2; BNP 6 (2005)
152 – 153 (#7), K. Strobel.
A, B, H, H (J), M, N,
X.
He ̄rakleia Salbake ̄ (mod. Vakif; 37 ̊ 37 ’ N, 28 ̊ 59 ’ E): south-east of Aphrodisias in
Karia; founded before 30 BCE. BAGRW 65-A2; BNP 6 (2005) 151–152 (#6), H. Kaletsch.
A, K.
He ̄rakleopolis in Egypt (the “Greater”; mod. Ihnasiyah al-Madinah, 29 ̊ 05 ’ N, 30 ̊ 56 ’
E): on the west bank of the Nile near the entrance to the Fayum, between Oxyrhynchos
and Memphis, home to the Pharaohs of the 9th–10th dynasties. Two other cities by this
GAZETTEER