Aegean to the east, colonized by Dorians (ca 900 BCE). Under Persians from ca 700 BCE,
allied with Athens in the 5th–4th centuries BCE, under Alexander of Macedon from 336
BCE, then Ptolemaic from 309 to 260 BCE. Occupied by M VI 88 BCE, given
immunity by Claudius 53 CE, destroyed by an earthquake 554 CE. PECS 465 – 466, V. Tusa;
OCD3 403 – 404, W.A. Laidlaw and S. Sherwin-White; BAGRW 61-E4; BNP 3 (2003) 856–859,
H. Sonnabend.
A, D, D, H, L, P/P,
P, P, P, S, S, T, X-
, X (?).
Kre ̄te ̄ ⇒ Crete
Kroto ̄n (mod. Crotone; 39 ̊ 05 ’ N, 17 ̊ 07 ’ E): coastal south Italian city founded 710 BCE
(S 6.1.12), flourishing into the 6th c., destroyed by Subaris 510 BCE, but revived,
allying with Rome against Hannibal, made a colonia 194 BCE, after which declined. PECS
470 – 471, W.D.E. Coulson; OCD3 411, H.K. Lomas; BAGRW 46-F3; BNP 3 (2003) 959–960,
A. Muggia.
A, D, E (?), H, I, N, P,
X (?).
Kume ̄ (Aiolian) (mod. Çakmaklı; 38 ̊ 45 ’ N, 26 ̊ 56 ’ E): coastal Aiolian city between two
river-mouths, north of Pho ̄kaia and south of Pitane ̄. Subjected to rule by Persia, Athens,
Seleukids, Pergamon, and Rome. Devastated by the earthquake of 17 CE (compare
Magnesia on Sipulos, Philadelpheia [ Ludia], Sarde ̄s), rebuilt with Tiberius’ aid.
PECS 472 – 473, G.E. Bean; OCD3 418, D.E.W. Wormell and St. Mitchell; BAGRW 56-D4;
BNP 3 (2003) 1050 (#3), H. Kaletsch. (Contrast the alleged Euboian site, and the city of
Italy, BAGRW 44-F4.)
E.
Kure ̄ne ̄ (mod. Ain Shahat, Grennah; 32 ̊ 49 ’ N, 21 ̊ 51 ’ E): Theran colony in Libya,
founded 630 BCE, annexed by Ptolemy I ca 300 BCE, not without subsequent struggles.
Influenced by Rome from 163 BCE, semi-autonomous from 96 BCE, became a province
under Rome in 74 BCE, devastated during Jewish revolt (“Kitos” War) in 115– 117 CE (cf.
Alexandria, Cyprus, Edessa, and Nisibis), but restored and repopulated by Hadrian.
Suffered in 3rd c. CE from attacks from indigenous peoples, earthquake of 262, and
encroachments of the desert. Divided into two provinces by Diocletian; refortified by
Anastasios and Justinian in response to raids by Asturiani. PECS 253 – 255, D. White; ODB
570 – 571, R.B. Hitchner; OCD3 421 – 423, J.M. Reynolds; BAGRW 38-C1; BNP 4 (2004)
6 – 10, W. Huß; EJ2 5.349–350, I. Gafni.
A, A, D, D, E, K,
K J., K, L, N, O, P-
, P, P, P, S, T.
Kurrhos (mod. Aravissos; 40 ̊ 50 ’ N, 22 ̊ 18 ’ E): small city in Macedon, east of Edessa
and west of Pella. PECS 473, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; BAGRW 50-B3; BNP 4 (2004) 15 (#1),
R.M. Errington. (Contrast the Syrian Kurrhos, also known as Hagioupolis, mod. Nebi
Ouri; BAGRW 67-D3.)
A.
Kurtos (unlocated): explained by S B, s.v., as an Egyptian city “in
the interior” (sc., upper Egypt?).
GAZETTEER