(north-east of mod. Adıyaman and north of Kahta), near whose peak Antiokhos I of
Kommage ̄ne ̄ set up a Hierothesion. PECS 618 – 619, J.H. Young; OCD3 1034, A.J.S. Spawforth;
BAGRW 67-H1; BNP 9 (2006) 633, J. Wagner.
“L H.”
Nikaia (Bithunia) (mod. I·znik; 40 ̊ 26 ’ N, 29 ̊ 43 ’ E): founded by Antigonos as Antigoneia;
refounded by L as Nikaia 301 BCE; absorbed by the kingdom of Bithunia 282
BCE; bequeathed to Rome by N IV in 74 BCE. Raided by Goths 258 CE. PECS
622 – 623, N. Bonacasa; ODB 1463 – 1464, C.F.W. Foss; OCD3 1040 (#1), O.A.W. Dilke and
St. Mitchell; BAGRW 52-F4; BNP 9 (2006) 701–702 (#5), K. Strobel.
H.
% Nikaia (Gaul) (mod. Nice; 43 ̊ 42 ’ N, 07 ̊ 16 ’ E): founded by Massalia ca 350 BCE;
assisted by Rome 154 BCE; faded in contrast to the nearby Roman city of Cemenelum,
founded by A, which prospered in the 2nd–3rd centuries CE. PECS 211 (s.v. Ceme-
lenum), C. Goudineau; OCD3 1040 (#2), O.A.W. Dilke and J.F. Drinkwater; BAGRW 16-D2;
BNP 3 (2003) 99, G. Mennella. All of these men may have come from this Nikaia, but are
perhaps more likely to have come from Nikaia of Bithunia.
A, A (?), D, I, N, P,
S.
Nikome ̄deia (mod. I·zmit; 40 ̊ 46 ’ N, 29 ̊ 55 ’ E): founded 262 BCE by Nikome ̄de ̄s I, as the
capital of his kingdom, Bithunia, taken by M VI 89 BCE; plundered 85 BCE,
bequeathed to Rome 74 BCE, but again taken by Mithradate ̄s 73 BCE. Damaged by an
earthquake 120 CE; raided by the Goths 258 CE; adorned by Diocletian; here Galerius
issued the edict of toleration 311 CE. L taught here 344– 348 CE. OCD3 1043,
T.R.S. Broughton and St. Mitchell; PECS 623 – 624, W.L. MacDonald; BAGRW 52-F3; BNP
9 (2006) 737–739, E. Wirbelauer and K. Strobel.
A (?), F A, M.
% Nikopolis: many homonymous sites existed, founded at various times: (A) mod.
I·slahiye, Turkey (BAGRW 67-D2, founded by Alexander of Macedon, according to
S B, s.v. Issos); (B) mod. Yes ̧ilyayla, Turkey (S
B, s.v. #3; BAGRW 87-D4: south-west of Trapezous, founded ca 300 BCE by
Seleukos I); (C) “Emmaus” (mod. Imwas, Israel, BAGRW 70-F2, from ca 220 BCE); (D) Issos
(mod. Yes ̧il Hüyük, Turkey, BAGRW 67-C3); (E) of E ̄peiros, the best-known and most
likely unmarked referent in Byzantine times (mod. Palaio-Preveza, Greece; S
B, s.v. #1; BAGRW 54-C3: founded by A 30 BCE); (F) ad Istrum (mod.
Nikiup, Bulgaria; BAGRW 22-C5, founded 102 CE); and (G) ad Nestum (mod. Gârmen,
Bulgaria, BAGRW 51-B2, founded 106 CE). OCD3 1043 – 1044, St. Mitchell et al.; BNP 9
(2006) 741–744, (various authors).
T.
Nisibis (mod. Nusaybin; 37 ̊ 04 ’ N, 41 ̊ 13 ’ E): old Assyrian town, known in Seleukid times
as Antioch in Mugdonia (P 5.51; S B, s.v., #3); east of
Constantia, and east-north-east of Resˇaina. From 80 BCE under the Parthians; Jewish
presence from the 1st c. CE; taken by Rome 115 CE, and then a focus of the Jewish revolt
(“Kitos” War) in 115– 117 CE (cf. Alexandria, Cyprus, Edessa, and Kure ̄ne ̄). Taken by
the Parthians and retaken by Rome in 194 CE; Sasanian 260– 298 CE; a Christian bishopric
and school of Christian theology from ca 300; returned to Sasanian control 363 CE by
treaty, whereupon Jovian ordered the Christian population relocated to Amida. The east-
Syrian Christian school returned here upon being exiled from Edessa 489 CE; border city
GAZETTEER