mutation 294 –5
mute swan 109
mx 82
Mycobacterium bovis 193
Mycoplasma gallisepticum188, 189
Mycteria americana 221
myna 321
Myocastor coypus 15
Myotis
blythii 156
myotis 156
Mystacina 370
Myxoma 194, 195, 360
myxomatosis 187, 191, 194 –5natural selection
alternating selection 33
fitness 20
frequency-dependent selection 33
genes 20
genotype 20
heterozygote advantages 33
phenotype 20
pleiotropy 20
polygenic effects 20
theory 19 –21
nematode worm 120 –1, 184, 192
Nesotragus noschatus 52
nest box 269
net recruitment 336
niche 143 – 6, 366
competitive exclusion principle 146
complementarity 144
concept 143 – 6
fundamental 146
n-dimensional hypervolume 145
overlap 147–9
realized 145
resource partitioning 146 –7
tautology 146
nitrogen 37
normal distribution 257
North Atlantic Oscillation 252
Nothofagus13, 40
Notomys 17
Notonecta 69
Notoryctes 22
nullcline 199
in red kangaroo 205
numerical response 169 –78
in red kangaroo 202
Nyctea scandiaca16, 95462 INDEX
oak 13, 131, 158
Ochotona 16
Octodon degus 48
Odocoileus
hemionus30, 131, 152
virginianus26 –7
Olea 14
olive 14
Ondatra zebithica 103
opossum 24, 174
opportunity cost 348
optimal diet 62–5
balanced intake 62
feeding rates 63 – 4
linear programming 65
model 61
partial preference 62
population consequences 65
predictions 62
tests 62
optimal foraging theory 60, 151
optimal patch and habitat use 66 –9
by herbivores 67– 9
patch residence 66 –7
optimal patch use 66 –9
cumulative energy gain 66
experimental tests 67– 8
giving-up density 67
giving-up time 67
long-term intake 67
Opuntia 17
Orcinus orca 376
Oreamnos 26
americanus 152
Oreomystis mana 319
Oreotragus oreotragus 52
oribi 52
orthogonal 277
Oryctolagus cuniculus94, 363
oryx 38
Arabian 159, 194, 318, 322–3
beisa 96
Oryx
gazelle 53
leucoryx159, 318
osprey 95, 222
ostrich 40
otter
European 54
sea 99, 103, 368
Ourebia ourebia 52
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