Index 479
sacred time: Durkheim’s definition of, 31
Saint-Simon, Herni: and secularization theory,
111
Schaff, Philip, 104
Scheepers, Peer, 313
Schnittker, J., 192
Schoenfeld, Stuart, 244
Schuyler, Philip D., 378
Scientology, Church of, 341; as organized
religion, 54
Scott, James, 362
scriptural authority, 13.See also
fundamentalism
Second Vatican Council: and social justice,
388
sects: and church-sect typology of Weber and
Troeltsch, 124–5
Secularists: in typology of religious identity,
147
secularization: impact of on voting behavior,
300–1, 310, 312
secularization theory, 9, 10, 11, 21, 61, 62,
120–2; and decline of ritual, 40; compared
to rational choice theory, 68–70; in global
perspective, 71; and church attendance, 93;
old paradigm of, 96–8; new paradigm of,
98–100; historical development of, 111–13;
religious economies model compared to,
111, 113–15; sociopolitical conflict model
as alternative to, 115–119; sociocultural
transformation model as alternative to,
119–20; and civil religion, 355.See also
modernization
Seligman, Adam, 350
Sen, Amartya: and social influences on
religious choices, 154
Sewell, William H., 177; and agency, 212
Shand, Jack, 181
Shapiro, Howard M., 248
Sheilaism, 139; and individualistic religion,
57
Shema, S. J.: on impact of religion on health,
194, 199, 199
Sherkat, Darren, 11
Shinto: historic differentiation of, 47, 48, 50
Sikhism: boundaries between Hinduism and,
50–1
Silbey, Susan S.: and creating plots, 213
Simmel, Georg, 363
Sklare, Marshall, 249, 258
Skocpol, Theda, 363
Smith, Christian, 98, 319
Smith, Dorothy: and institutional
ethnography, 285, 286–8, 292
Smith, Jonathan Z., 364
Smith, Timothy, 12
Snow, David A., 317
social capital: as sensitizing concept, 22;
contributions of faith-based organizations
to, 395–6
social class.Seeclass
social cleavages: impact of on voting behavior,
298–300, 307–8
social conflict, 331; religion as motivating
force in, 100, 103–4; and bipolar
conceptions of American religion, 332–6;
social construction of meaning, 66
social control: violence as, 368, 369
social gospel, 66
social identity theory: as base for studying
religious identity, 209–11
social justice: as component of Jewish
identity, 272
social movements: and religious activism, 9,
13; as form of religion, 56–7; and religion
and movement culture, 317–18; religious
organizations and, 318–20; American
political life and, 320–6; ideology and
organization of, 326–9; in public sphere
329–30.See alsofaith-based social justice
organizing
social structure: symbolic roles of in ritual, 34,
40
socialization: and formation of religious
preferences, 153–4; and social influences,
153–5; and parental and family influences,
155–8, 162; and denominational
influences, 158–60, 162; and educational
influences, 160–2; and Jewish identity,
248–9
sociocultural transformation model: as
alternative to secularization model, 119–21
sociologists: attitudes of on religion, 17–19
sociology of religion: attitudes to religion in
discipline of, 16–20; theory in, 21–4;
methodology of, 24–5; normative concerns
in, 26–7; disciplinary integrity of, 27–8;
and multidisciplinary exchange, 28–9
sociopolitical conflict model: compared to
secularization theory, 115–119, 121–2.See
alsosocial conflict
Somers, Margaret: and social narratives, 213