1236 Index
Africa (continued)
gender structures and roles
494–495
government organization
508–511
health and disease 545–
547
household goods 561–562,
562 f
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 572–573
illumination 583–585
inventions 593–594, 593f
language 609–611
laws and legal codes
621–622
literature 639–643,
667–668
metallurgy 678–679
migration and population
movements 689–693
military 725–726
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 741–742
money and coinage
752–753
music and musical instru-
ments 763–764
natural disasters 776
numbers and counting
798–799
occupations 808–809
pandemics and epidemics
820–821
religion and cosmology
832–836
resistance and dissent
870–871
roads and bridges 883–884
sacred sites 897–899
scandals and corruption
909–910
science 922–925
seafaring and navigation
952–953
settlement patterns
962–964
ships and shipbuilding
974–975
slaves and slavery 985–986
social collapse and aban-
donment 999–1000
socia l organization 1010–
1014, 1043–1044
sports and recreation
1047–1048
storage and preservation
1062–1063
textiles and needlework
1074–1075
towns and villages 1086–
1087
trade and exchange 1096–
1097
t ra nspor tat ion 1111–1112
war and conquest 1122–
1126, 1156
weaponry and armor
1161–1162
weights and measures
1173–1174
writing 1183–1184
African Humid Period
236–238
Afro-Asiatic group 610
aft erlife
architecture 52, 57, 58
art 93, 99
building techniques and
materials 153
craft s 286
death and burial practices
320
religion and cosmology
126, 849, 850, 853, 862
sacred sites 899
ager publicus
agriculture 41
economy 368
settlement patterns 971,
972
age-set system 1014
Agis IV (king of Sparta) 39
agoge 195
agora. See also marketplace
cities 222–224
towns and villages 1089
Agricola and Germania, Th e
(Tacitus) 461
agricultural communities
children 192
climate and geography
244
employment and labor 431
migration and population
movements 721
towns and villages 1086
agricultural cycles
calendars and clocks
171–172
festivals 468
social collapse and aban-
donment 1001–1002
agricultural revolution
cities 210
inventions 596–597
agriculture xxvii, 15–52, 37
Africa 16–20, 17f
Americas 45–48
architecture 52
art 107
Asia and the Pacifi c 29–33,
31 f, 50–51
climate and geography
255–256
economy 341, 343, 350,
353–355, 360, 371, 373,
374
Egypt 20–24, 21f, 49
empires and dynasties 420
employment and labor
425–428, 431, 434, 435
Europe 33–36, 35f
food and diet 476, 481
Greece 36–40, 37f
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 573, 575
inventions 600, 604–605
Middle East 24–29, 25f,
27 m
migration and population
movements 708
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 788, 793, 796
occupations 807, 811, 813,
814, 817
origins 15–16
Rome 40–45, 44f, 51
science 923, 932, 935–936
settlement patterns 963,
966, 969, 971
slaves and slavery 986
socia l organization 1010,
1012, 1015
storage and preservation
1061
towns and villages 1091,
1094
trade and exchange 1102,
1106
Agris helmet 291
agropastoralism 789, 790
aguadas 373
Ahmose, autobiography of
1128
Aiburshabum 886
Ajatashatru (king of
Magadha)
empires and dynasties 402
scandals and corruption
913
Akan people
crime and punishment
297
religion and cosmology
835
Akapana mound 233
Akhenaten. See Amenhotep
IV (king of Egypt)
akhet
agriculture 20
climate and geography 240
Akkadian Dynasty
agriculture 29
art 99
borders and frontiers 143
cities 212
economy 352–353
education 380
empires and dynasties 397
exploration 438
family 451
government organization
517
language 612
migration and population
movements 699
numbers and counting
800
alabaster 742
Alaska 264
alchemists 931, 933
alchemy 550
Alcmaeon 552
alcohol. See also beer; wine
beverages 476, 478
discovery of 931
Alesia, Battle of
borders and frontiers 147
war and conquest 1143
Aleutian Islands 264
Aleut people
borders and frontiers 148
migration and population
movements 720
Alexander the Great
adornment 12
art 112
borders and frontiers 140,
143
cities 209, 225
climate and geography
242, 246
economy 354
education 378
empires and dynasties 401,
402, 412
exploration 443
foreigners and barbarians
489
government organization
519
migration and population
movements 714
military 733
money and coinage 760
religion and cosmology
857
trade and exchange 1105
war and conquest 1138,
1148, 1149
Alexandria, Egypt
cities 209–210, 225, 226
climate and geography
242
education 378
health and disease 552,
553
science 929
algebra 800
Algeria. See Numidia
algorithms 802
aliens, resident 364
All-Athens 468
Allegewi people 1153–1154
Almagest (Ptolemy) 131–132
almanac 128
alpacas
agriculture 47
economy 375
alphabet
inventions 597
writing 1183–1186, 1188–
1191
alphabetic system 803
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