Index 1241basilicas
architecture 79, 80
cities 227–228
basins 20–21
basketball 604
Basketmaker II Period (Amer-
icas) 87
basketry
craft s 285–292, 295
household goods 561, 564,
570
occupations 811, 812
storage and preservation
1070
textiles and needlework
1076
bas-reliefs 99–100
bast fi ber 1079, 1080
Batammalibe people 124
bathing 547
baths. See also public baths
architecture 80–81
household goods 563
batteries 931–932
battle formations. See also
phalanx formation
war and conquest 1132,
1139–114 0
weaponry and armor
1170
battle skills 382
battlewagons 1132
Bavarii people 710
Bay of Bengal 445
beads
adornment 6
art 88, 92, 105, 108
clothing and footwear 274
craft s 285
metallurgy 687
beans. See legumes
bearings 600
beatings 298, 299
Beautiful Feast of the Valley
464
bedbugs 548
beds 562, 563, 565, 570
beekeeping 38, 42
beer 474, 475, 478
beeswax 588, 590
beheading 304
Beja people 786
bejel 828, 829
bellows 679, 684
belts
adornment 9
clothing and footwear 272
benches 570
Bend Pyramid 57
benefi ciary system 348–349
Benue-Congo group 610
beqa weights 1174
Berbers
migration and population
movements 690, 691
social organization 1013Beringia
exploration 445
migration and population
movements 720
Bering Strait
climate and geography 264
exploration 446
migration and population
movements 720
bestiarii 581
Bet Midrash 380
Bhagavad Gita 332
Bible
building techniques and
materials 152
cities 214
crime and punishment
296
gender structures and roles
496, 497
literature 665
migration and population
movements 699
natural disasters 778, 785
religion and cosmology
832, 835, 844
roads and bridges 885
sacred sites 901
sports and recreation 1050
war and conquest 1159
weaponry and armor 1169
writing 1187, 1189
Biblical fl ood 247
Big Dipper 128
biltu 755
bins 1064
biology 947
bird head, stone 290f
birds
food and diet 475
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 574, 578
seafaring and navigation
952, 954
Birket Qārūn 242
birrus 273
birth defects
children 198
health and disease 547
Biskupin settlement
social collapse and aban-
donment 1005
towns and villages 1091
bison. See buff alo
bit-hilani 65
bitumen
building techniques and
materials 155
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 744
science 949
Black Death. See bubonic
plague
black fi gure period (Greece)
a r t 110, 111
ceramics and pottery 183Black Sea
climate and geography
247
natural disasters 780
Black Sea deluge theory 247
blacksmiths
craft s 290, 293
occupations 812, 816
blanket bog formation 256
blanket tossing game 1058
blast furnaces 594
Blemmye people 786
Blue Nile 239, 240
bluestones 746
Boar Hunt of Meleager
578–579
boars 579
boats
seafaring and navigation
956, 957
ships and shipbuilding
976, 977f
t ra nspor tat ion 1112 , 1120
Bocchoris (pharaoh of Egypt)
298
body armor 108
body piercing 198. See also
ear piercing
Boeotia, Greece 259
bog bodies 318
bogs 903
Boioarian people 710
Bona Dea 469
bone
art 108
household goods 570
tools 564
bone needle 1081f
bonfi res
festivals 467
illumination 588
Book of the Dead
drama and theater 330
inventions 595f
Papyrus of Ani 94
religion and cosmology
836
books 1191
boomerangs
inventions 598
weaponry and armor 1166
boots 278, 281
Borana people 56
Border Cave 312
borders and frontiers 139–
150
A f r ica 14 0 –141
A mer icas 148 –149
Asia and the Pacifi c
14 4 –145
Egypt 141–142, 141f
Eu rope 145 –14 6
Greece 14 6 –147, 14 6f
Midd le East 14 2–143, 143f
Rome 147–148
Bosphorus strait 246Boudicca (queen of Britain)
education 382
empires and dynasties 409
religion and cosmology
851
resistance and dissent 877
war and conquest 1143
boule
government organization
528, 529
scandals and corruption
916
bou nda r y stones 14 6 –148
Bourges, France 219, 220
Bourget, Steve 198
bowls
craft s 288f
household goods 564, 566
bows and arrows
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 576, 577
war and conquest 1123,
1132 , 1134, 1141
weaponry and armor 1163,
116 4
boxing 1050
Boy Jockey statue 112
boys
craft s 289
education 375–377, 379–
382, 384
family 456
festivals 468
government organization
530
social organization 1026
Bozo people 124
bracelet, gold 1099f
Bragny 219
Brahman caste 1023, 1024
Brahmanism
religion and cosmology
846–847
sports and recreation 1052
bread
agriculture 41
food and diet 474, 475,
479, 480
breakfast 481
breast feeding
children 189, 191, 193, 195,
196
family 455–457
breeding, selective 605
Brehon laws
government organization
525
laws and legal codes 627
briber y 908, 912, 913, 917
bricks
building techniques and
materials 152, 154–155,
16 1, 162
household goods 561, 562,
564
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