Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

1240 Index

Athens (continued) migration and population movements 711, 714 military 734 pandemics and epidem- ics 827 resistance and dissent 877, 878 scandals and corruption 916 slaves and slavery 991, 992 social collapse and aban- donment 1006 social organization 1031– 1035 towns and villages 1092– 1093 trade and exchange 1103, 1105 war and conquest 1145, 1147–1148 weights and measures 1179, 1180 athletic competitions. See also Olympic Games education 382–383 sacred sites 904 sports and recreation 1048, 1051, 1054 athletic festivals 853 atimia 365 Atlas Mountains 898 atlatl war and conquest 1154 weaponry and armor 1171 Atrahasis epic literature 648–649 religion and cosmology 842 atrium 81 Attica climate and geography 259 towns and villages 1092 Attic standard 759 augurs (augures) religion and cosmology 859–860 sacred sites 905 Augustan Age language 619 literature 663 Augustine of Hippo, Saint education 377 literature 642–643, 667–668 Augustus Caesar (emperor of Rome) agriculture 41 borders and frontiers 139, 147 building techniques and materials 161 cities 227 climate and geography 262 drama and theater 336 economy 370 family 456

literature 663 military 735 money and coinage 760 religion and cosmology 861 scandals and corruption 917 aula (olla) 184 Aulnat, France 220, 221 aulos 769, 770 Australia agriculture 33 art 104 climate and geography 251–252 government organization 523–524 literature 653 migration and population movements 707 music and musical instru- ments 768 natural disasters 778 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 791 sacred sites 901 weaponry and armor 1166 writing 1187 Australopithecines 187 Austronesian language family 615 auxiliaries 735 Avenue of the Dead architecture 83 cities 231, 232 axes (tool) climate and geography 254 economy 361 inventions 593f weaponry and armor 1161, 1163, 116 4 axis mundi education 386 festivals 470 axones 628 Axum, kingdom of architecture 53–54 art 91 building techniques and materials 152 ceramics and pottery 175 cities 204–205 death and burial practices 313 economy 345 education 377 empires and dynasties 391 employment and labor 426 government organization 510 household goods 562 illumination 584 migration and population movements 692 military 726 money and coinage 753

religion and cosmology 835–836 sacred sites 898 seafaring and navigation 953 social organization 1013 trade and exchange 1096 war and conquest 1125– 1126 writing 1184 Ayers Rock. See Uluru Aylesford Bucket 566 Ayurvedic medicine 1176 azimuth 948–949 Aztecs 1182

B Baal/Hadad’s myth 843 babalawo 925 Babylon art 99 borders and frontiers 143f cities 214 clothing and footwear 276 empires and dynasties 397–398 health and disease 548– 549 numbers and counting 800–801 sacred sites 900 science 929, 930 writing 1186f Babylonian captivity migration and population movements 700 religion and cosmology 843, 844 Bacchanalia 470 Bafour people 691 bagpipes 772 bagua 66 Bahamas 266 Baharīya Oasis 242 Baka people 788 bakeries 816 balances 1179 balaneia 224 baldness 13 bale 1182 Balearic slingers 814 Balkans nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 794 towns and villages 1091 ball games 1057 ba lls 1047, 1049, 1056, 1057 bamboo 156 Ban Chiang settlement agriculture 32 cities 218 food and diet 477 bands (social units) nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 794

social organization 1027, 1039–1040 banishment 297. See also exile banks and banking economy 354, 357, 366 money and coinage 760 occupations 815 Banpos culture 180 Bantu language 388 Bantu people agriculture 18 ceramics and pottery 176 clothing and footwear 273 craft s 285 employment and labor 426 food and diet 473 government organization 511 household goods 561 illumination 584 language 609 migration and population movements 690, 692–693 social organization 1013 storage and preservation 1063 war and conquest 1126 Ban Zhao 505–506 baobab tree 328 bar-and-dot counting system 806 barbarian monarchies 525– 526 barbers 816 Barcid family 390 bards drama and theater 333 literature 653–655 social organization 1028– 1029 ba rges 1112 bark cloth dress 1074f Bar Kokhba 486 barley 21, 25, 38, 41 barter economy 342–344, 348, 355 employment and labor 425 money and coinage 751– 752, 756 social organization 1016 basalt architecture 82–83 mining, quarrying, and salt making 742, 750 base 10 number system numbers and counting 799 science 928 base 20 number system 806 base 60 number system numbers and counting 800–801 science 929 basileis 527

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1240 1240 10/10/07 3:32:21 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Get our desktop app

Company

Features

Documentation

Resources