Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1245

numbers and counting 801–802 occupations 812 pandemics and epidemics 819, 823–824 religion and cosmology 847–849 resistance and dissent 873–874 roads and bridges 883, 887 sacred sites 901–902 scandals and corruption 909, 912–913 science 932–934 seafaring and navigation 956 settlement patterns 968 ships and shipbuilding 978–979 slaves and slavery 989 social collapse and aban- donment 1003 social organization 1024– 1026 sports and recreation 1047, 1052 storage and preservation 1066 textiles and needlework 1078–1079 towns and villages 1090 trade and exchange 1100 t ra nspor tat ion 1111, 1115 –1116 war and conquest 1121, 1136 –1138 weaponry and armor 1165 –1166 weights and measures 1177 writing 1187 Chinchorro culture 311, 321 Chinese New Year 466 chitons 279 chlamys 281 chocolate 482 Choga Zanbil ziggurat 61–62 Choiak 464 cholera 824 Chonogoyape 14 choregia 366 chorobates 160 chorus 334–335 Choson 69 Christianity architecture 54 art 109 cities 210 craft s 292 crime and punishment 305 death and burial practices 311, 320, 321 education 377 empires and dynasties 417 family 454

foreigners and barbarians 489, 490 language 612 literature 642–643, 665 migration and population movements 717–718 pandemics and epidemics 825 religion and cosmology 835–836, 844, 853, 861 resistance and dissent 880 sacred sites 901, 906 social collapse and aban- donment 1007 Christmas 462 chultunes 373 chun 277 Church of the Holy Sepulchre 901 Church of the Nativity 901 cicada, jade 626f Cicero climate and geography 258 education 384, 385 gender structures and roles 502 literature 662 science 945 circumcision children 189–190 health and disease 547 religion and cosmology 838 cireperdue 685, 686 Cisalpine Gaul climate and geography 263 empires and dynasties 407–408 cities 201–234 Africa 202–205 agriculture 28 Americas 230–233, 232f Asia and the Pacifi c 214– 218, 215f borders and frontiers 142 climate and geography 245 Egypt 205–210, 206f Europe 218–222 Greece 222–226, 224m Middle East 210–214, 211f migration and population movements 713 military 730, 733–734 Rome 226–230, 227f towns and villages 1085 citizenship economy 365 employment and labor 432 foreigners and barbarians 489, 490 government organization 531 military 732, 733 social organization 1034– 1035, 1037 City Dionysia 334, 335

City of God, Th e (Saint Augus- tine) 667–668 city-states. See also polis agriculture 29 borders and frontiers 14 2–143, 14 6 cities 211, 212, 216, 225 climate and geography 267 economy 350–353, 362 exploration 438 government organization 508, 515, 517, 527, 537 laws and legal codes 628 military 732 religion and cosmology 854 war and conquest 1145– 1147 Ciudadela architecture 83 astronomy 133–134 cities 231, 232 civil calendars 165–166 civil rights 1020 civil service 521 civil wars social collapse and aban- donment 1005 war and conquest 1137 “Civil Wars, Th e” (Appian) 920–921 civitates 221 clans employment and labor 430 family 453 government organization 526 social organization 1013 war and conquest 1144 clap nets 574 classes, social cities 223 empires and dynasties 418 employment and labor 431 family 447, 457–458 laws and legal codes 627 social organization 1037, 1041–1042 Classical Period (Egypt) education 378, 384 literature 645 Classical Period (Greece) adornment 11 agriculture 37 architecture 74 a r t 110 –112 building techniques and materials 158, 159 craft s 292, 293 death and burial practices 320 economy 363, 364, 366 gender structures and roles 501

illumination 589–590 mining, quarrying, and salt making 748 roads and bridges 890 social organization 1031 storage and preservation 1068 Classical Period (Rome) 409 Classical Sanskrit 613–614 Classic Period (Americas) ceramics and pottery 186 craft s 295 Classic Period (Mayan) architecture 84, 85 empires and dynasties 420–421 government organization 535 literature 666 Classic Period (Mesoamerica) 1108 class structure 1015 Claudius I (emperor of Rome) drama and theater 337 economy 370 empires and dynasties 409, 415 religion and cosmology 861 resistance and dissent 877 scandals and corruption 917 Claudius II (emperor of Rome) 417 Claudius Ptolemaeus. See Ptolemy of Alexandria clay building techniques and materials 150–151, 157 ceramics and pottery 176, 179 household goods 561, 562, 564, 565 clay pots 1070–1071 clay tablets ceramics and pottery 179, 182 education 379 cleavers 1161 Cleomenes I (king of Sparta) 915 Cleomenes III (king of Sparta) 39 Cleopatra VII (queen of Egypt) archtecture 60 empires and dynasties 396, 413, 415 ships and shipbuilding 982 social collapse and aban- donment 1001 war and conquest 1130 clepsydra 171 cleruchy settlements 714 clientage 431

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1245 1245 10/10/07 3:32:22 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Get our desktop app

Company

Features

Documentation

Resources