Index 1245
numbers and counting
801–802
occupations 812
pandemics and epidemics
819, 823–824
religion and cosmology
847–849
resistance and dissent
873–874
roads and bridges 883, 887
sacred sites 901–902
scandals and corruption
909, 912–913
science 932–934
seafaring and navigation
956
settlement patterns 968
ships and shipbuilding
978–979
slaves and slavery 989
social collapse and aban-
donment 1003
social organization 1024–
1026
sports and recreation 1047,
1052
storage and preservation
1066
textiles and needlework
1078–1079
towns and villages 1090
trade and exchange 1100
t ra nspor tat ion 1111,
1115 –1116
war and conquest 1121,
1136 –1138
weaponry and armor
1165 –1166
weights and measures
1177
writing 1187
Chinchorro culture 311, 321
Chinese New Year 466
chitons 279
chlamys 281
chocolate 482
Choga Zanbil ziggurat 61–62
Choiak 464
cholera 824
Chonogoyape 14
choregia 366
chorobates 160
chorus 334–335
Choson 69
Christianity
architecture 54
art 109
cities 210
craft s 292
crime and punishment
305
death and burial practices
311, 320, 321
education 377
empires and dynasties 417
family 454
foreigners and barbarians
489, 490
language 612
literature 642–643, 665
migration and population
movements 717–718
pandemics and epidem-
ics 825
religion and cosmology
835–836, 844, 853, 861
resistance and dissent 880
sacred sites 901, 906
social collapse and aban-
donment 1007
Christmas 462
chultunes 373
chun 277
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
901
Church of the Nativity 901
cicada, jade 626f
Cicero
climate and geography 258
education 384, 385
gender structures and roles
502
literature 662
science 945
circumcision
children 189–190
health and disease 547
religion and cosmology
838
cireperdue 685, 686
Cisalpine Gaul
climate and geography 263
empires and dynasties
407–408
cities 201–234
Africa 202–205
agriculture 28
Americas 230–233, 232f
Asia and the Pacifi c 214–
218, 215f
borders and frontiers 142
climate and geography 245
Egypt 205–210, 206f
Europe 218–222
Greece 222–226, 224m
Middle East 210–214, 211f
migration and population
movements 713
military 730, 733–734
Rome 226–230, 227f
towns and villages 1085
citizenship
economy 365
employment and labor 432
foreigners and barbarians
489, 490
government organization
531
military 732, 733
social organization 1034–
1035, 1037
City Dionysia 334, 335
City of God, Th e (Saint Augus-
tine) 667–668
city-states. See also polis
agriculture 29
borders and frontiers
14 2–143, 14 6
cities 211, 212, 216, 225
climate and geography
267
economy 350–353, 362
exploration 438
government organization
508, 515, 517, 527, 537
laws and legal codes 628
military 732
religion and cosmology
854
war and conquest 1145–
1147
Ciudadela
architecture 83
astronomy 133–134
cities 231, 232
civil calendars 165–166
civil rights 1020
civil service 521
civil wars
social collapse and aban-
donment 1005
war and conquest 1137
“Civil Wars, Th e” (Appian)
920–921
civitates 221
clans
employment and labor
430
family 453
government organization
526
social organization 1013
war and conquest 1144
clap nets 574
classes, social
cities 223
empires and dynasties 418
employment and labor 431
family 447, 457–458
laws and legal codes 627
social organization 1037,
1041–1042
Classical Period (Egypt)
education 378, 384
literature 645
Classical Period (Greece)
adornment 11
agriculture 37
architecture 74
a r t 110 –112
building techniques and
materials 158, 159
craft s 292, 293
death and burial practices
320
economy 363, 364, 366
gender structures and roles
501
illumination 589–590
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 748
roads and bridges 890
social organization 1031
storage and preservation
1068
Classical Period (Rome) 409
Classical Sanskrit 613–614
Classic Period (Americas)
ceramics and pottery 186
craft s 295
Classic Period (Mayan)
architecture 84, 85
empires and dynasties
420–421
government organization
535
literature 666
Classic Period (Mesoamerica)
1108
class structure 1015
Claudius I (emperor of Rome)
drama and theater 337
economy 370
empires and dynasties
409, 415
religion and cosmology
861
resistance and dissent 877
scandals and corruption
917
Claudius II (emperor of Rome)
417
Claudius Ptolemaeus. See
Ptolemy of Alexandria
clay
building techniques and
materials 150–151, 157
ceramics and pottery 176,
179
household goods 561, 562,
564, 565
clay pots 1070–1071
clay tablets
ceramics and pottery 179,
182
education 379
cleavers 1161
Cleomenes I (king of Sparta)
915
Cleomenes III (king of Sparta)
39
Cleopatra VII (queen of
Egypt)
archtecture 60
empires and dynasties
396, 413, 415
ships and shipbuilding
982
social collapse and aban-
donment 1001
war and conquest 1130
clepsydra 171
cleruchy settlements 714
clientage 431
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