Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

1244 Index

ceramics and pottery (continued) cities 232f craft s 286, 289, 292 economy 360, 361 Eg y pt 176 –178, 177f Europe 181–182 Greece 182–183, 182f household goods 561, 562, 565, 566, 570 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 572 inventions 598 Midd le East 178–179, 178f occupations 808 Rome 183–185, 184f social organization 1026f storage and preservation 1063–1065, 1068f cereals agriculture 35 food and diet 475 ceremonial centers festivals 470–471 religion and cosmology 863, 864 settlement patterns 973 ceremonial clothing 6 ceremonial objects/ornaments 119 ceremonial sites xxvi ceremonies xxviii Ceres 858 Cerros drama and theater 339 festivals 471 Cerro Sechín architecture 86 building techniques and materials 162 foreigners and barbarians 491 Ceylon. See Sri Lanka Chad craft s 286 migration and population movements 691 storage and preservation 1062 Chad, Lake climate and geography 237, 238 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 573 chadar 278 Chaeronea, battle of 1169 Chagas disease 555 chain mail 279 chairs 563, 567, 568 chaitya 69 Chalcatzingo death and burial practices 322, 323 festivals 471 sacred sites 907 Chalchiuhtlicue 120, 121

Chalcis 712 Chalcolithic Age metallurgy 684 storage and preservation 1065 chamber pots 563 Champollion, Jean-François 612 Chandragupta I (emperor of India) 402 Chandragupta II (emperor of India) 402–403 Chandragupta Maurya (emperor of India) 402 borders and frontiers 144 climate and geography 248 crime and punishment 300 empires and dynasties 402 exploration 443 war and conquest 1139 Chang’an, China 217–218 Chang Ch’ien 440 chanyu 521 chappals 278 charcoal ceramics and pottery 178 metallurgy 684 chariots death and burial practices 317 migration and population movements 704 military 727, 730, 732 sports and recreation 1055–1056 t ra nspor tat ion 1112 , 1113, 1114 f, 1115, 1117, 1119f war and conquest 1128– 1129, 1132 , 1133, 1138, 1142 weaponry and armor 1164, 1166 charms 549 Charon 320 chattel 988, 991 Chavín culture adornment 14 architecture 86 art 121–122 building techniques and materials 162 ceramics and pottery 186 clothing and footwear 283 economy 375 empires and dynasties 421–422 employment and labor 435 festivals 470 gender structures and roles 504 inventions 604 occupations 818 textiles and needlework 1083, 1084

Chavín de Huántar architecture 86 art 121–122 astronomy 134 calendars and clocks 173 craft s 295 drama and theater 339 education 386 family 457 festivals 471 government organization 538 metallurgy 687 natural disasters 783 religion and cosmology 865–866 roads and bridges 892 sacred sites 907–908 cheese food and diet 479 storage and preservation 1066 Cheisthenes 1033 chemistry 921–922, 927, 946 Chengtoushan 215 Chengziya 216 Cheops. See Khufu Chephren diorite 743 chests 565, 568 chi 66 chickens 576 chiefdoms government organization 535, 536 social organization 1013, 1027 chiefs social organization 1030 war and conquest 1154 chieft ains 525 childbirth children 196 family 450, 454, 455 health and disease 547 Childe, V. Gordon 230 children 187–201. See also boys; girls Africa 187–189, 188f Americas 197–198, 197f Asia and the Pacifi c 192– 193, 199 clothing and footwear 274, 277, 279, 282 death and burial practices 321, 322 economy 351 Egypt 189–190, 190f Europe 193–194 family 452, 454, 456 Greece 194–196, 195f, 199–200 Middle East 190–192, 191f, 198–199 migration and population movements 717

Rome 196–197, 196f, 200–201 slaves and slavery 987, 989, 990, 995 social organization 1022, 1030, 1035, 1038 sports and recreation 1056, 1058 war and conquest 1142 Chimilkât 437 China agriculture 29–32 architecture 65–68, 66f art 102–105 astronomy 127–129 borders and frontiers 139, 14 4 building techniques and materials 156–157 calendars and clocks 168 ceramics and pottery 180 children 192–193 cities 215 climate and geography 249 clothing and footwear 277 craft s 290 crime and punishment 296, 300 drama and theater 332 economy 341–342, 355 education 376, 380 empires and dynasties 387, 403–405 employment and labor 429, 430 exploration 436, 440–441, 445 family 452 festivals 466 foreigners and barbarians 482, 486 gender structures and roles 498 government organization 519–521 health and disease 550 household goods 565 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 577 illumination 587–588 inventions 598–599 language 614–615 laws and legal codes 625 literature 651–652 metallurgy 681 migration and population movements 704 military 730, 731 mining, quarrying, and salt making 745–746 money and coinage 752, 757, 758 music and musical instru- ments 766–768 natural disasters 775, 779

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Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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