Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

(Sean Pound) #1
Index 1251

money and coinage 753
religion and cosmology 835
war and conquest 1125–
1126
Ethiopian Orthodox Church
festivals 462
sacred sites 899
Ethiopic script 1184
Etna, Mount 262
Etruscan arch 160
Etruscans
a r t 113–114, 118
cities 226
empires and dynasties 407,
414
household goods 566
social organization 1035
Euboea Island 260
Euclid
astronomy 131
cities 209
education 378
numbers and counting
804
science 938
Eudoxus of Cnidus 131
Euhemerus of Messene 443
eulogies 320
eunuchs
gender structures and roles
497
resistance and dissent 874
Euphrates River
climate and geography
244–246
trade and exchange 1099
t ra nspor tat ion 1114 –1115
Eurasian steppes 253
Euric (king of Visigoths)
627–628
Euripides 334, 335
Europe
adornment 9–11, 10f
agriculture 33–36, 35f
architecture 69–73
art 105–109, 106f
astronomy 129–130
borders and frontiers
145 –14 6
building techniques and
materials 157–158
calendars and clocks
169–170
ceramics and pottery
181–182
children 193–194
cities 218–222
climate and geography
252–256, 254f
clothing and footwear
278–279
craft s 291–292
crime and punishment
301–302
death and burial practices
317–319, 318f

drama and theater 333–
334
economy 359–362, 359f
education 381–382
empires and dynasties
406–409
employment and labor
430–431
exploration 441–442
family 452–454, 461
festivals 467–468
food and diet 477–479,
478 f
foreigners and barbarians
487–488
gender structures and roles
498–499
government organization
524–526
health and disease 550–
552, 551f
household goods 565–567
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 577–578
illumination 588–589,
589 f
inventions 599–600
language 615–617
laws and legal codes
626–628
literature 653–655
metallurgy 682–684
migration and population
movements 707–710
military 731–732
mining, quarrying, and
sa lt ma k i ng 74 6 –747
money and coinage
758–759
music and musical instru-
ments 768–769
natural disasters 779–780
numbers and counting
802–803
occupations 813–814
pandemics and epidemics
824–825
religion and cosmology
849–853
resistance and dissent
876–877
roads and bridges 888–
889
sacred sites 902–904
scandals and corruption
914–915
science 935–937
seafaring and navigation
956–957
settlement patterns
968–970
ships and shipbuilding
979–980
slaves and slavery 990–991
social collapse and aban-
donment 1004–1005

social organization 1027–
1031
sports and recreation 1053
storage and preservation
1066–1067
textiles and needlework
1079–1081
towns and villages 1091–
1092
trade and exchange 1101–
1103
t ra nspor tat ion 1116 –1117
war and conquest 1140–
1145
weaponry and armor 1161,
1166 –1167
weights and measures
1177–1179
writing 1188–1189
eustasy 255
Euxine Lake 247
Evans, Arthur
building techniques and
materials 158
empires and dynasties
409–410
Everest, Mount 248
evil 842–843
excarnation 317
exchange. See trade and ex-
change
exercise 548
exile. See also banishment
crime and punishment
296, 303
migration and population
movements 697–698
exomis 279
exorcism
health and disease 548
religion and cosmology
842–843
experimental agriculture 32
exploration 435–446
Africa 436–437
Americas 445–446
Asia and the Pacifi c 440–
441, 440f
Egypt 437–438
Europe 441–442
Greece 442–443
Middle East 438–440
Rome 443–445, 444f
ships and shipbuilding
974, 983
exports 43–45
exposure 311
extinctions 783
eye plaques 316f

F
Fabius Maximus 414
faience
adornment 6
art 97, 108

craft s 284, 286
inventions 595, 596
Faiyûm depression
climate and geography
239, 242
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 742
settlement patterns 964
falcons 577
family 447–461
Africa 447–449
Americas 457–458
Asia and the Pacifi c 451–
452, 460
crime and punishment 301
Egypt 449–450, 449f
Europe 461
Greece 454–456, 455f
Middle East 450–451, 451f,
458–459
Rome 456–457
social organization 1016
war and conquest 1143–
114 4
famines 777, 777f, 779
fans 8
Farafra Oasis 242
Faras 56
farmers
agriculture 25–26, 28, 29,
33–34, 46–47
economy 349, 358
settlement patterns 970,
971
farming. See agriculture
farmstead 72
fathers 196. See also paterfa-
milias
fats 479
fauces 81
feasts 1053
Feddersen Wierde 360
female circumcision 495
feng 144
feng shui 65–67
fermentation 1067–1069
ferr y men 1113
Fertile Crescent
agriculture 24–26, 33
climate and geography
244
craft s 288
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 575
settlement patterns 966
towns and villages 1089
fertility rituals 338, 339
fertilizer
agriculture 34, 43
science 949
festival calendars 463–464
Festival of Color 466
Festival of Lights 466
festivals 461–472
Africa 462–463, 463f
agriculture 23

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