Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1251

money and coinage 753 religion and cosmology 835 war and conquest 1125– 1126 Ethiopian Orthodox Church festivals 462 sacred sites 899 Ethiopic script 1184 Etna, Mount 262 Etruscan arch 160 Etruscans a r t 113–114, 118 cities 226 empires and dynasties 407, 414 household goods 566 social organization 1035 Euboea Island 260 Euclid astronomy 131 cities 209 education 378 numbers and counting 804 science 938 Eudoxus of Cnidus 131 Euhemerus of Messene 443 eulogies 320 eunuchs gender structures and roles 497 resistance and dissent 874 Euphrates River climate and geography 244–246 trade and exchange 1099 t ra nspor tat ion 1114 –1115 Eurasian steppes 253 Euric (king of Visigoths) 627–628 Euripides 334, 335 Europe adornment 9–11, 10f agriculture 33–36, 35f architecture 69–73 art 105–109, 106f astronomy 129–130 borders and frontiers 145 –14 6 building techniques and materials 157–158 calendars and clocks 169–170 ceramics and pottery 181–182 children 193–194 cities 218–222 climate and geography 252–256, 254f clothing and footwear 278–279 craft s 291–292 crime and punishment 301–302 death and burial practices 317–319, 318f

drama and theater 333– 334 economy 359–362, 359f education 381–382 empires and dynasties 406–409 employment and labor 430–431 exploration 441–442 family 452–454, 461 festivals 467–468 food and diet 477–479, 478 f foreigners and barbarians 487–488 gender structures and roles 498–499 government organization 524–526 health and disease 550– 552, 551f household goods 565–567 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 577–578 illumination 588–589, 589 f inventions 599–600 language 615–617 laws and legal codes 626–628 literature 653–655 metallurgy 682–684 migration and population movements 707–710 military 731–732 mining, quarrying, and sa lt ma k i ng 74 6 –747 money and coinage 758–759 music and musical instru- ments 768–769 natural disasters 779–780 numbers and counting 802–803 occupations 813–814 pandemics and epidemics 824–825 religion and cosmology 849–853 resistance and dissent 876–877 roads and bridges 888– 889 sacred sites 902–904 scandals and corruption 914–915 science 935–937 seafaring and navigation 956–957 settlement patterns 968–970 ships and shipbuilding 979–980 slaves and slavery 990–991 social collapse and aban- donment 1004–1005

social organization 1027– 1031 sports and recreation 1053 storage and preservation 1066–1067 textiles and needlework 1079–1081 towns and villages 1091– 1092 trade and exchange 1101– 1103 t ra nspor tat ion 1116 –1117 war and conquest 1140– 1145 weaponry and armor 1161, 1166 –1167 weights and measures 1177–1179 writing 1188–1189 eustasy 255 Euxine Lake 247 Evans, Arthur building techniques and materials 158 empires and dynasties 409–410 Everest, Mount 248 evil 842–843 excarnation 317 exchange. See trade and exchange exercise 548 exile. See also banishment crime and punishment 296, 303 migration and population movements 697–698 exomis 279 exorcism health and disease 548 religion and cosmology 842–843 experimental agriculture 32 exploration 435–446 Africa 436–437 Americas 445–446 Asia and the Pacifi c 440– 441, 440f Egypt 437–438 Europe 441–442 Greece 442–443 Middle East 438–440 Rome 443–445, 444f ships and shipbuilding 974, 983 exports 43–45 exposure 311 extinctions 783 eye plaques 316f

F Fabius Maximus 414 faience adornment 6 art 97, 108

craft s 284, 286 inventions 595, 596 Faiyûm depression climate and geography 239, 242 mining, quarrying, and salt making 742 settlement patterns 964 falcons 577 family 447–461 Africa 447–449 Americas 457–458 Asia and the Pacifi c 451– 452, 460 crime and punishment 301 Egypt 449–450, 449f Europe 461 Greece 454–456, 455f Middle East 450–451, 451f, 458–459 Rome 456–457 social organization 1016 war and conquest 1143– 114 4 famines 777, 777f, 779 fans 8 Farafra Oasis 242 Faras 56 farmers agriculture 25–26, 28, 29, 33–34, 46–47 economy 349, 358 settlement patterns 970, 971 farming. See agriculture farmstead 72 fathers 196. See also paterfa- milias fats 479 fauces 81 feasts 1053 Feddersen Wierde 360 female circumcision 495 feng 144 feng shui 65–67 fermentation 1067–1069 ferr y men 1113 Fertile Crescent agriculture 24–26, 33 climate and geography 244 craft s 288 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 575 settlement patterns 966 towns and villages 1089 fertility rituals 338, 339 fertilizer agriculture 34, 43 science 949 festival calendars 463–464 Festival of Color 466 Festival of Lights 466 festivals 461–472 Africa 462–463, 463f agriculture 23

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1251 1251 10/10/07 3:32:23 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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