Index 1259
Ionia
cities 223
clothing and footwear 281
migration and population
movements 711
Ionian Islands 259–260
Ionian Sea 258
Ionic style 76, 77
Iran
climate and geography
245–246
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 790
Iranian Empire 1134–1136
Ireland
clothing and footwear 279
festivals 467–468
literature 654
music and musical instru-
ments 769
sacred sites 902, 903
seafaring and navigation
957
slaves and slavery 990
t ra nspor tat ion 1117
Iron Age
agriculture 29
art 109
building techniques and
materials 157–158
climate and geography
256
clothing and footwear 279
death and burial practices
318
economy 360, 361
food and diet 478
health and disease 550
household goods 566
military 731
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 747
music and musical instru-
ments 769
occupations 808–809
roads and bridges 886, 888
science 936
settlement patterns
969–970
social collapse and aban-
donment 1005
textiles and needlework
1080, 1081
towns and villages 1093
trade and exchange 1102f
war and conquest 1125
weaponry and armor 1162
writing 1186
iron and ironworking
agriculture 35
climate and geography 256
craft s 285, 288, 290
economy 344–345, 361
employment and labor 426
household goods 561
inventions 597
metallurgy 678–679,
681–683
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 744, 747
occupations 809
science 923, 924
weaponry and armor 1164
irrational numbers 804
Irrawaddy River 250
irrigation
agriculture 19, 20–21, 28,
29, 44, 47–48
cities 233
climate and geography
267, 268
economy 373
empires and dynasties 420
inventions 597
Ishango bone
astronomy 124
numbers and counting 798
science 925
Ishar Gate 214
Ishtar/Inanna 315, 324–325
Isis
agriculture 23
drama and theater 329f
Isis cult 861
Islam 844
isostasy 255
isoteleia 366
Israel
empires and dynasties 400
migration and population
movements 699, 700
sacred sites 901
social organization 1022
Isthmian script 1192
Isthmus of Corinth
climate and geography 259
roads and bridges 889
Italy 252
Ithaca 260
ius privatum 629
ius publicum 629, 630
ivory 564
Ix Chel 198
J
jade
adornment 8, 8f, 14
economy 373
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 750
religion and cosmology
863 f
Jainism/Jainists
religion and cosmology
847
science 935
janapadas 401
Japan
art 104, 105
building techniques and
materials 157
climate and geography
249–250
clothing and footwear 277
craft s 291
crime and punishment
301
economy 355, 357
empires and dynasties
406
employment and labor 430
gender structures and roles
498
government organization
522
health and disease 550
inventions 598
laws and legal codes 626
literature 652
military 730
music and musical instru-
ments 767
religion and cosmology
845
resistance and dissent
874–875
roads and bridges 887
sacred sites 901
scandals and corruption
913
settlement patterns 968
social collapse and aban-
donment 1003
social organization 1026
textiles and needlework
1079
towns and villages 1090
war and conquest 1140
weaponry and armor
1166
jar burials 316, 317
jars 564
Jason and the Argonauts 247
Java
climate and geography 250
drama and theater 333
music and musical instru-
ments 768
javelins
military 734
weaponry and armor 1170
Jebel Barkal 898
Jebel Marra, Mount 776
Jemdet Nasr era 179
Jenne-jeno
borders and frontiers 141
cities 205
economy 344–345
occupations 808
social organization 1013
towns and villages 1086
trade and exchange 1096
Jericho
cities 202, 210
social organization 1018,
1019
war and conquest 1131
jewelry
adornment 6–10, 12, 13
art 91–93, 97, 105, 108,
113, 118
craft s 285
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 794
occupations 808
Jews and Judaism
education 380
exploration 439
festivals 462, 463
foreigners and barbarians
486, 490
illumination 592
migration and population
movements 717–718
religion and cosmology
835, 843, 844
sacred sites 901
ji 1166
jian 1166
Jin, China 356
Jin Dynasty
employment and labor 429
government organization
521
Jōmon Era 104, 1026f
Jones, William 614
Jordan River 245
Josephus 739–740
ju 277
Judah 700
judges
empires and dynasties 390
laws and legal codes 624,
629–631
jug 569f
juggling 1049
Julian calendar
calendars and clocks 165,
171, 172
science 944
Julian-Gregorian calendar
165
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
empires and dynasties 415
exploration 444
juries
crime and punishment
296
laws and legal codes 629,
630
Juvenal 40
Juxtlahuaca cave painting
28 2– 283
K
ka 57
Kadesh, battle of 1129–1130
Kahun 207
Kahun Papyrus 926
kakini 757
Kalahari Desert 18
kalasiris 274, 275
1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1259 1259 10/10/07 3:32:24 PM