Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1259

Ionia cities 223 clothing and footwear 281 migration and population movements 711 Ionian Islands 259–260 Ionian Sea 258 Ionic style 76, 77 Iran climate and geography 245–246 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 790 Iranian Empire 1134–1136 Ireland clothing and footwear 279 festivals 467–468 literature 654 music and musical instru- ments 769 sacred sites 902, 903 seafaring and navigation 957 slaves and slavery 990 t ra nspor tat ion 1117 Iron Age agriculture 29 art 109 building techniques and materials 157–158 climate and geography 256 clothing and footwear 279 death and burial practices 318 economy 360, 361 food and diet 478 health and disease 550 household goods 566 military 731 mining, quarrying, and salt making 747 music and musical instru- ments 769 occupations 808–809 roads and bridges 886, 888 science 936 settlement patterns 969–970 social collapse and aban- donment 1005 textiles and needlework 1080, 1081 towns and villages 1093 trade and exchange 1102f war and conquest 1125 weaponry and armor 1162 writing 1186 iron and ironworking agriculture 35 climate and geography 256 craft s 285, 288, 290 economy 344–345, 361 employment and labor 426 household goods 561 inventions 597

metallurgy 678–679, 681–683 mining, quarrying, and salt making 744, 747 occupations 809 science 923, 924 weaponry and armor 1164 irrational numbers 804 Irrawaddy River 250 irrigation agriculture 19, 20–21, 28, 29, 44, 47–48 cities 233 climate and geography 267, 268 economy 373 empires and dynasties 420 inventions 597 Ishango bone astronomy 124 numbers and counting 798 science 925 Ishar Gate 214 Ishtar/Inanna 315, 324–325 Isis agriculture 23 drama and theater 329f Isis cult 861 Islam 844 isostasy 255 isoteleia 366 Israel empires and dynasties 400 migration and population movements 699, 700 sacred sites 901 social organization 1022 Isthmian script 1192 Isthmus of Corinth climate and geography 259 roads and bridges 889 Italy 252 Ithaca 260 ius privatum 629 ius publicum 629, 630 ivory 564 Ix Chel 198

J jade adornment 8, 8f, 14 economy 373 mining, quarrying, and salt making 750 religion and cosmology 863 f Jainism/Jainists religion and cosmology 847 science 935 janapadas 401 Japan art 104, 105 building techniques and materials 157

climate and geography 249–250 clothing and footwear 277 craft s 291 crime and punishment 301 economy 355, 357 empires and dynasties 406 employment and labor 430 gender structures and roles 498 government organization 522 health and disease 550 inventions 598 laws and legal codes 626 literature 652 military 730 music and musical instru- ments 767 religion and cosmology 845 resistance and dissent 874–875 roads and bridges 887 sacred sites 901 scandals and corruption 913 settlement patterns 968 social collapse and aban- donment 1003 social organization 1026 textiles and needlework 1079 towns and villages 1090 war and conquest 1140 weaponry and armor 1166 jar burials 316, 317 jars 564 Jason and the Argonauts 247 Java climate and geography 250 drama and theater 333 music and musical instru- ments 768 javelins military 734 weaponry and armor 1170 Jebel Barkal 898 Jebel Marra, Mount 776 Jemdet Nasr era 179 Jenne-jeno borders and frontiers 141 cities 205 economy 344–345 occupations 808 social organization 1013 towns and villages 1086 trade and exchange 1096 Jericho cities 202, 210 social organization 1018, 1019 war and conquest 1131

jewelry adornment 6–10, 12, 13 art 91–93, 97, 105, 108, 113, 118 craft s 285 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 794 occupations 808 Jews and Judaism education 380 exploration 439 festivals 462, 463 foreigners and barbarians 486, 490 illumination 592 migration and population movements 717–718 religion and cosmology 835, 843, 844 sacred sites 901 ji 1166 jian 1166 Jin, China 356 Jin Dynasty employment and labor 429 government organization 521 Jōmon Era 104, 1026f Jones, William 614 Jordan River 245 Josephus 739–740 ju 277 Judah 700 judges empires and dynasties 390 laws and legal codes 624, 629–631 jug 569f juggling 1049 Julian calendar calendars and clocks 165, 171, 172 science 944 Julian-Gregorian calendar 165 Julio-Claudian Dynasty empires and dynasties 415 exploration 444 juries crime and punishment 296 laws and legal codes 629, 630 Juvenal 40 Juxtlahuaca cave painting 28 2– 283

K ka 57 Kadesh, battle of 1129–1130 Kahun 207 Kahun Papyrus 926 kakini 757 Kalahari Desert 18 kalasiris 274, 275

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1259 1259 10/10/07 3:32:24 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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