Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

1264 Index

craft s 285 death and burial practices 312 mining, quarrying, and salt making 741 religion and cosmology 835 science 924 Meroitic Kingdom architecture 55–56 empires and dynasties 391 illumination 584 Mesoamerica agriculture 46–47 architecture 82–85, 84m art 119–121 astronomy 133–134 borders and frontiers 148 –149 building techniques and materials 161–162 calendars and clocks 172–173 ceramics and pottery 185–186 children 198 cities 231–233 clothing and footwear 283 craft s 295 death and burial practices 323 drama and theater 338– 339 economy 372–373 education 386 family 458 festivals 471 food and diet 482 foreigners and barbarians 491 gender structures and roles 504 government organization 535–538 health and disease 555– 556 household goods 570 inventions 603 literature 665–666 mining, quarrying, and salt making 751 money and coinage 762 music and musical instru- ments 773 natural disasters 783 numbers and counting 806 occupations 817 religion and cosmology 862–865 sacred sites 907 scandals and corruption 918 science 922, 947, 949 slaves and slavery 994

social collapse and aban- donment 1009 social organization 1041– 1042 sports and recreation 1057 textiles and needlework 1084–1085 towns and villages 1095 trade and exchange 1107 transportation 1120 war and conquest 1154– 1155 weaponry and armor 1171 weights and measures 1182 writing 1192 Mesolithic period art 106–107 craft s 292 death and burial practices 318 economy 359–361 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 577 textiles and needlework 1080 trade and exchange 1101, 1102 Mesopotamia. See also Sumer architecture 60–65 art 97–100 astronomy 126, 127 borders and frontiers 14 2–143 building techniques and materials 154–155 calendars and clocks 166 ceramics and pottery 178–179 children 191 cities 202 climate and geography 244–245 clothing and footwear 276 craft s 288–289 crime and punishment 296, 299 death and burial practices 314 –316 economy 342, 352 education 378–379 empires and dynasties 388, 396 employment and labor 427–428 exploration 438–439 family 450, 451, 458–459 food and diet 475–476 government organization 508, 514–517, 516m household goods 564 inventions 597 language 612 laws and legal codes 621, 624

literature 647 metallurgy 680 migration and population movements 699, 701–702 military 728, 729 natural disasters 778 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 790 numbers and counting 800 occupations 811 pandemics and epidem- ics 822 religion and cosmology 832, 840–843 roads and bridges 886 sacred sites 900 scandals and corruption 911 science 929–931 seafaring and navigation 954 settlement patterns 966–967 ships and shipbuilding 978 social collapse and aban- donment 1001–1002 social organization 1019– 1023 sports and recreation 1050 textiles and needlework 1077 towns and villages 1089 trade and exchange 1098– 1099 t ra nspor tat ion 1113 war and conquest 1130, 1131 weights and measures 1175 –1176 writing 1186 Messina, Strait of 263 metal lamps 586–587 metals/metallurgy 677–688, 684 f adornment 14 Africa 678–679 Americas 686–688, 687f art 92–93, 98, 99, 101, 108, 116, 117 Asia and the Pacifi c 681–682 craft s 285, 286, 289–291 economy 344–345, 348, 353, 361 Egypt 679–680 employment and labor 431 Europe 682–684, 683f exploration 439 Greece 684–685, 684f household goods 561 inventions 597, 599, 603 Middle East 680–681, 680f migration and population movements 693

mining, quarrying, and sa lt ma k i ng 741, 74 2 , 747 money and coinage 752, 755, 759 occupations 811–813 Rome 685–686 science 923–924, 927, 933, 936 towns and villages 1086 trade and exchange 1102, 1106 weaponry and armor 1162 Metamorphoses (Ov id) astronomy 133 literature 664 meteorology 939 meter (poetry) 661 Methodist medical sect health and disease 554 science 943 metics craft s 292 economy 364–366 foreigners and barbarians 489 social organization 1034– 1035 Metonic cycle 167, 171 metrioi 1034 met rolog y 1173, 1178 metropolis 713 Mexico agriculture 45, 46 climate and geography 266 Mezhirich site 157 miasmas 827 Micronesia 251 Middle Assyrian Law Code 497 Middle Assyrian Period 398–399 Middle Bronze Age death and burial practices 315 migration and population movements 703 storage and preservation 1065 Middle East. See also North Africa; specifi c countries, e.g.: Egypt adornment 6–7, 7f agriculture 24–29, 25f, 27 m architecture 60–65, 63f art 97–100, 99f astronomy 126–127, 126f, 135–136 borders and frontiers 14 2–143, 143f building techniques and materials 154–155, 154f calendars and clocks 166, 167 ceramics and pottery 178–179, 178f

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Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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