1284 Index
villages. See towns and villages
villas
agriculture 42, 43
architecture 82
economy 360
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 795
vineyards 42
Virgil
astronomy 133
empires and dynasties 390
literature 663, 674
virginity 498
Vishnu 847
Vishnu Trivikrama 650f
Visigothic law 627–628
Visigoths 408–409, 417–418
vitamin defi ciencies 555
Vitruvius, Marcus
architecture 78, 81
astronomy 133
inventions 602
Vix burial mound 219, 220
viziers
government organization
513–514
laws and legal codes 624
occupations 809
vocal music 763, 764
volcanoes
climate and geography
250–251, 262, 267
natural disasters 775, 776,
778, 780, 781, 783
volume 1175, 1176
voting rights 1037
vulcanization 604
W
Wadi Hammamat 884
Wagadu Kingdom 92
wage labor 432–434
wages. See also compensation;
rations
employment and labor
426–428, 432
gender structures and roles
495
wagons
inventions 600
t ra nspor tat ion 1116, 1117
Wagy 464
Wailing Wall 901
walled cities 207, 208, 212,
213, 215–217
wall paintings 115
walls, fortifi ed. See fortifi ca-
tions
“Walls of Princes” 208
Walls of the Ruler 142
Wangcheng 217
Wang Xizhi 103
Wa people
military 730
social organization 1026
Warak vase 98
war and conquest 1121–1161
A f rica 1122–1126, 1156
and agriculture 40
Americas 1153–1155
Asia and the Pacifi c 1136–
114 0
Egypt 1126–1130, 1156–
1158
Europe 1140–1145
family 454
Greece 1145–1149
Middle East 1130–1134,
1136, 1158–1159
migration and population
movements 689, 698,
707, 714
military 725, 728–730, 732
Rome 1149–1153, 1159–
1160
ships and shipbuilding
974, 978, 979
slaves and slavery 985–
987, 991, 993
social collapse and aban-
donment 999–1000, 1006
wardum 1020, 1021
war galley 983f
warlords 526
Warm Mineral Springs 321
Warring States Period (China)
economy 356
empires and dynasties 403
government organization
520
inventions 598
laws and legal codes 625
resistance and dissent 874
social collapse and aban-
donment 1003
social organization 1025
war and conquest 1137
warrior(s)
employment and labor 434
exploration 442
government organization
525
military 731
occupations 817
social organization 1025
war and conquest 1140,
1141, 1145f
weaponry and armor 1167
warrior-dancers 338
warships
seafaring and navigation
959
ships and shipbuilding
974, 977
waste management 1093
watchtowers 727–728
water
agriculture 30
calendars and clocks 166f,
167–172
economy 373
food and diet 480
health and disease 546,
555
migration and population
movements 698, 699,
706–707, 722
sacred sites 899
science 922
settlement patterns 970
storage and preservation
1066
t ra nspor tat ion 1112 , 1115,
1120
weights and measures 1174
water buff aloes 31
water carriers 815f
water management. See also
irrigation
agriculture 16, 19, 20, 28
storage and preservation
1062
waterproofi ng 603
water shortages 268
waterwheel
inventions 602–603
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 749
Watson Brake Mound Group
86
wattle and daub
architecture 70, 71
building techniques and
materials 150, 151, 151f,
157, 161
Wawat 1123
wax tablets 1191
Ways of Horus
military 727–728
roads and bridges 885
way stations
military 727–728
roads and bridges 886
t ra nspor tat ion 1114
wealth xxviii
agriculture 36
death and burial practices
313
economy 365
social organization 1016
weaning 191
weaponry and armor 1161–
1172
Africa 1161–1162
Americas 1171–1172
art 108, 117
Asia and the Pacifi c 1165–
1166
craft s 288
Egypt 1162–1164
Europe 1166–1167
Greece 1168–1169
inventions 601
Middle East 1164–1165
military 733–736
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 794
Rome 1169–1170
ships and shipbuilding 978
war and conquest 1138,
114 0, 1154
weather
military 729
seafaring and navigation
958
weaving. See also card weav-
ing
clothing and footwear 278,
284
occupations 808, 811, 812,
814 f
science 928
textiles and needlework
1075–1077, 1080
wedding costumes 282
weddings
drama and theater 331
family 455, 456
week, length of 170
weights and measures 1172–
1183
Africa 1173–1174
Americas 1181–1182
Asia and the Pacifi c 1176–
1177
economy 352, 356
Egypt 1174–1175
employment and labor 429
Europe 1177–1179
Greece 1179–1180
Middle East 1175–1176
Rome 1180–1181
weight sports 1053
weir traps 574
Weiyanggong palaces 67
Wen i 1127
Wep Renpet 464
werejaguar
art 120
children 198
Wessex culture 318
We st A f r ic a
art 91–92
economy 344
Western Han Dynasty
architecture 67
calendars and clocks 168
cities 217
Western Zhou Dynasty
cities 217
empires and dynasties 403
government organization
520
wet nurses
children 189, 191–193, 195,
196
family 455–457
occupations 810
we xing 66
wheat
agriculture 25, 38, 40–41,
48
food and diet 473, 474, 480
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