CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

262 CHAPTER TEN At points of maximum positive moments, Pis the smaller of P 1 andP 2 , computed from (10.49) (10.50) whereAceff ...

BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS 263 for flexural members with unstiffened webs with h/tw150 or for girders with stiffened ...

TABLE 10.6 Maximum Width /Thickness Ratios b/tafor Compression Elements for Highway Bridgesb Load-and-resistance-factor designc ...

In bracing and other 12 11 secondary members Plates supported on two edges or 32 27 webs of box shapesg Solid cover plates suppo ...

266 CHAPTER TEN horizontal, the cable assumes the form of a parabolic arc. Then, the ten- sion at midspan is (10.57) whereHmids ...

BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS 267 (10.60) Then (10.61) (10.62) Span length then is L 2 c, with the previous same symbols ...

268 CHAPTER TEN The distance from the low point Cto the left support is (10.65) wherefLvertical distance from CtoL, ft (m). The ...

BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS 269 wherelspan, or horizontal distance between supports LandRab;h vertical distance bet ...

270 CHAPTER TEN Length of parabolic arc LCis (10.79) (10.80) Supports at Same Level In this case, fLfRf,h0, and abl/2. The ...

BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS 271 Elastic elongation of a parabolic cable is approximately (10.88) whereAcross-sectional ...

272 CHAPTER TEN If elastic elongation and can be ignored, (10.95) Thus, for a load uniformly distributed horizontally wL, (10. ...

BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS 273 whereninteger, 1 for fundamental mode of vibration, 2 for second mode,... lspan of ca ...

274 CHAPTER TEN The drain should have a large enough area to handle the maximum runoff anticipated. Rainwater runoff from a brid ...

CHAPTER 11 275 Chapter 11. Highway and Road Formulas FORMULAS CIRCULAR CURVES Circular curves are the most common type of horizo ...

276 CHAPTER ELEVEN Equations of Circular Curves (11.1) (11.2) (11.3) MR vers^1  2 IR (1cos^1  2 I) exact (11.4) ER exsec^1 ...

HIGHWAY AND ROAD FORMULAS 277 (11.5) (11.6) (11.7) (11.8) (11.9) (11.10) (11.11) (11.12) PARABOLIC CURVES Parabolic curves are u ...

278 CHAPTER ELEVEN PVTpoint of vertical tangency, end of curve G 1 grade at beginning of curve, ft/ft (m/m) G 2 grade at end ...

HIGHWAY AND ROAD FORMULAS 279 Superelevated roadway cross sections are typically employed on curves of rural highways and urban ...

280 CHAPTER ELEVEN For crest vertical curves, AASHTO defines the minimum length Lmin, ft (m), of crest vertical curves based on ...

HIGHWAY AND ROAD FORMULAS 281 STRUCTURAL NUMBERS FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS The design of a flexible pavement or surface treatment e ...