Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

Focus, sentence stress, or prominence The word or syllable in each thought group that receives more stress than the others is ca ...

Fossilization A process that occurs when a language learner progresses to a certain point but then has a hard time making furthe ...

Free variation When we have a free choice of which allophone of a phoneme to use in a particular situation, we say the two allop ...

Fricative Sounds in which the air stream is compressed and passes through a small opening in the mouth, creating friction—a hiss ...

Function words Words that have grammatical meaning rather than lexical meaning, such as prepositions, articles, pronouns, and co ...

Functional load A way of measuring how important the contrast between two sounds is in a language. If there are many minimal pai ...

Glide A sound that is like a vowel, but shorter. The glides in English are /y/ and /w/. They can be used: As consonants, as in ...

Glided vowels, simple vowels, and diphthongs Categories of vowels based on whether the tongue moves during the pronunciation of ...

Glottal A place of articulation that describes a sound produced with friction in the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) ...

Glottal stop A sound produced by closing the vocal cords tightly and releasing them quickly, like the beginning o a small cough, ...

Glottis The opening between the vocal cords. Related Glossary Terms Index Section 3 - The Articulatory System Drag related terms ...

Grammatical meaning A word that has grammatical meaning can show the grammatical relationship between other words in a sentence. ...

Grapheme A written symbol that represents a sound. In English, the letters of the alphabet are graphemes. Related Glossary Terms ...

Hard palate The hard part of the top of the mouth, beginning just behind the alveolar ridge. It can also be called the roof of t ...

Heart, peak, or nucleus of a syllable The central part of a syllable. It’s usually a vowel, but it could also be a syllabic cons ...

Homonyms or homophones Words that sound alike, but they’re spelled di"erently, such as meet and meat or write, right, and rite. ...

Homophones or homonyms Words that sound alike, but they’re spelled di"erently, such as meet and meat or write, right, and rite. ...

Hypercorrection An error that happens when someone is being very careful to avoid a di"erent error, or when they make a false an ...

In contrast (Two sounds are in contrast) Sounds that are heard by native speakers to be separate sounds are said to be in contra ...

Individual repetition Pronunciation practice in which individual students repeat after a model (the teacher or a recording), one ...