Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

Inductive teaching The teacher presents many examples of a rule, pattern, or generalization, and leads students to !gure out the ...

Inflections Forms of words that change to show a grammatical category, such as tense or number. In English, these are in$ectiona ...

Initial position Occurring at the beginning of a word. For example, in the word cat, the sound /k/ is in initial position. Relat ...

Intelligibility or comprehensibility Both of these terms describe whether it is easy for listeners to understand what a speaker ...

Interference The in$uence of the learner’s native language on the way a new language is learned. The in$uence of the system of L ...

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) A system of symbols developed in the late 1800s to represent all the sounds that are used ...

Intervocalic In a position between two vowels. For example, the /t/ in water and the /m/ in among are in intervocalic position. ...

Intonation The pitch pattern of a sentence—the up-and-down “melody” of your voice as you speak. Related Glossary Terms Index Sec ...

Intonation unit A group of spoken words that has its own intonation contour. Because these usually also form a grammatical and s ...

Invisible /y/ When the letter u represents the sound sequence /yuw/, as in cube or music, we say there’s an “invisible /y/.” We ...

IPA The abbreviation for the International Phonetic Alphabet (or for the International Phonetic Association, the organization th ...

Jaw The lower part of the mouth that moves up and down to let the mouth open and close. Related Glossary Terms Index Section 3 - ...

Kinesthetic learning modality Learning through doing—through body movements and manipulating objects and tools. Related Glossary ...

L1 (first language) The learner’s !rst language, or native language; the language that the learner feels most comfortable speaki ...

L2 (second language) The learner’s second language; the foreign language that is being learned. Related Glossary Terms Index Sec ...

Labiodental A place of articulation that describes a sound in which the upper teeth softly touch the lower lip. The sounds in th ...

Language transfer The in$uence of the learner’s native language on the way a new language is learned. The in$uence of the system ...

Lateral A description of a sound that is produced with the sides of the tongue open, like /l/. Related Glossary Terms Index Drag ...

Lax and tense vowels A description of whether the muscles of the tongue and mouth are relatively tense or more relaxed when we s ...

Learning modalities Di"erent ways that people learn and understand new information: Auditory: Learning through hearing. Visual: ...