Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

This sentence has only two content words: given and present. All the others are function words, and they’ve all been shortened a ...

Him → /ɪm/ We HELPED him. His → /ɪz/ Do you know his NAME? Her → /ɚ/ Do you know her NAME? The pronoun them can also lose its in ...

Vowel changes The vowel in a reduced form often changes to /ə/: You → /yə/ From → /frəm/ To → /tə/ Did you FLY from New YORK to ...

noun, predicate adjective, or the negative word not. Compare these examples: Can you help me? (Can is reduced.) Yes, I can help ...

Numbers: Numbers ending in -teen are normally stressed on the last syllable. (See Chapter 8.) However, the stress in these numbe ...

9.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29. ...

9.5 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 39.5 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 39.5 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 39. ...

Internet links Just for fun: Here’s a video of an Italian TV program from the 1970s. The song, written and sung by Adriano Celen ...

CHAPTER 10 Thought Groups and Prominence Thought groups Can you imagine what it would be like if we kept talking steadily withou ...

be a valuable tool for the speaker to draw the listeners’ attention to important points. The speaker’s own style and personal pr ...

The students who study hard will get good grades. The students who study hard / will get good grades / The students, who study h ...

There’s a change in pitch on the prominent word. It usually has a higher pitch than the words around it, although this may be d ...

New information/old information. New information usually receives prominence, while old information doesn’t. Old information is ...

I ordered COFfee, but the waiter brought me TEA. A: Oh, I see you bought a new CAR. B: No, I didn’t BUY it. I only RENTed it. Di ...

Emma said she LOST her keys again. (She didn’t hide them or sell them; she lost them.) Emma said she lost HER keys again. (Not m ...

CHAPTER 11 Intonation What is intonation? Intonation is the “melody” of language—the pattern of higher and lower pitch as we spe ...

Typical intonation patterns in American English American English intonation tends to have a wider pitch range, that is, more ext ...

In Chapter 10, we learned that each thought group has a prominent word—often the last content word in the thought group, or some ...

questions) generally have di"erent intonation than questions beginning with words like who, what, where, when, why, and how (cal ...

A: Where did you go? B: To Yosemite. Do you know where it is? A: What’s your address? B: It’s 123 Miller Street. A: What’s the n ...