Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

9.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 29.4 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 2

Word Citation Form Reduced Form Example

“Be” Verb, Auxiliary Verbs, and Modals“Be” Verb, Auxiliary Verbs, and Modals“Be” Verb, Auxiliary Verbs, and Modals“Be” Verb, Auxiliary Verbs, and Modals

Am /æm/ /əm/, /m/ What am I doing? I’m going.

Are /ɑr/ /ɚ/ What are you doing? You’re going.

Is /ɪz/ /ɪz/, /z/ What is he doing? He’s going.

Have /hæv/ /əv/, /v/, /ə/ What have they done? They’ve /nished. You should have studied.

Has /hæz/ /əz/, /z/ Bob has left. He’s told them.

Had /hæd/ /əd/, /d/ Bob had left. He’d told them.

Do /duw/ /də/ What do you want to do? Do you want to dance?

Does /dʌz/ /dəz/, /z/ Where does he live? Who does he know?

Did /dɪd/ /əd/, /d/ What did you do? Who did you see?

Can /kæn/ /kən/, /kn/ I can see it. What can you do?

Will /wɪl/ /əl/, /l/ What will you do? I’ll go now.

Would /wᴜd/ /əd/, /d/ It’d be nice to go. I’d go there.

9.3 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 19.3 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 19.3 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 19.3 REDUCED FORMS OF SOME FUNCTION WORDS 1

Word Citation Form Reduced Form Example

PrepositionsPrepositionsPrepositionsPrepositions

At /æt/ /ət/ We’re at home. Look at that.

For /fɔr/ /fɚ/ It’s for you. For a long time.

From /frɑm/ /frəm/ He’s from Irvine.

Of /əv/ //əə/v/ (Before consonants) A cup of tea.(Before vowels) A couple of eggs.

To /tuw/ /t/tuw/ə/ (Before consonants) Go to school.(Before vowels) Go to a movie.

ConjunctionsConjunctionsConjunctionsConjunctions

And /ænd/ /ən/, /n/ Up and down. Salt and pepper.

Or /ɔr/ /ɚ/ Soup or salad. Yes or no.

As...as /æz/ /əz/ As fast as you can. Just as good.

Because /biyk/bəkʌɔz/z/ /k/bəəz/kʌz/ I’m smiling ’cause I’m happy.I’m happy because it’s Saturday.

ArticlesArticlesArticlesArticles

A /ey/, /ə/ /ə/ (Before consonants) A box. A unit.

An /æn/ /ən/ (Before vowels) An egg. An hour.

The /ðiy/ //ðəðiy// (Before consonants) The children.(Before vowels) The end. The others.

125