270 A. Elizabeth Arnold
Guo, L.D., Huang, G.R., Wang, Y.et al. (2003) Molec-
ular identification of white morphotype strains of
endophytic fungi fromPinus tabulaeformis.Mycological
Research107, 680–688.
Guo, L.D., Hyde, K.D., and Liew, E.C.Y. (2000) Identifica-
tion of endophytic fungi fromLivistona chinensisbased
on morphology and rDNA sequences.New Phytologist
147, 617–630.
Guyot, J., Omanda, E.M., and Pinard, F. (2005) Some
epidemiological investigations onColletotrichumleaf
disease on rubber tree.Crop Protection24, 65–77.
Hatcher, P.E. (1995) Three-way interactions between
plant-pathogenic fungi, herbivorous insects, and their
host plants.Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philo-
sophical Society70, 639–694.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1991) The fungal dimension of
biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conserva-
tion.Mycological Research95, 641–655.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1994)Ascomycete Systematics: Prob-
lems and Perspectives in the Nineties. Plenum Press,
NewYork.
Herre, E.A., Knowlton, N., Mueller, U.G.et al. (1999)
The evolution of mutualisms: explorin gthe paths
between conflict and cooperation.Trends in Ecology
and Evolution14, 49–53.
Herre, E.A., Kyllo, D.A., Mangan, S.A.et al. (2005a) In
D.F.R.P. Burslem, M.A. Pinard, and S.E. Hartley (eds),
An Overview of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Composi-
tion, Distribution, and Host Effects from a Moist Trop-
ical Forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp. 204–225.
Herre, E.A., Van Bael, S.A., Maynard, Z.et al. (2005b)
Tropical plants as chimera: some implications of
foliar endophytic fungi for the study of host plant
defense, physiology, and genetics. In D.F.R.P. Burslem,
M.A. Pinard, and S.E. Hartley (eds),Biotic Inter-
actions in the Tropics. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, pp. 226–237.
Higgins, L., Arnold, A.E., Miadlikowska, J.et al. (2007)
Phylogenetic relationships, host affinity, and geo-
graphic structure of boreal and arctic endophytes
from three major plant lineages.Molecular Phyloge-
netics and Evolution42, 543–555.
Hoffman, M. and Arnold, A.E. (2008) Geographic local-
ity and host identity shape fungal endophyte commu-
nities in cupressaceous trees.Mycological Research,in
press.
Holb, I.J., Heijne, B., Withagen, J.C.M.et al. (2004) Dis-
persal ofVentura inaequalisascospores and disease
gradients from a defined inoculum source.Journal of
Phytopathology152, 639–646.
Hyde, K.D. (1997)Biodiversity of Tropical Microfungi.
Hon gKon gUniversity Press, Hon gKon g.
Husband, R., Herre, E.A., and Young, J.P.W. (2002)
Temporal variation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal
communities colonisin gseedlin gs in a tropical forest.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology42, 131–136.
Jacobs, K.A. and Rehner, S.A. (1998) Comparison
of cultural and morphological characters and ITS
sequences in anamorphs ofBotryosphaeriaand related
taxa.Mycologia90, 601–610.
Kiers, E.T., Lovelock, C.E., Krueger, E.L.et al. (2000)
Differential effects of tropical arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungal inocula on root colonization and tree seedling
growth: implications for tropical forest diversity.Ecol-
ogy Letters3, 106–113.
Kim, S.H. and Breuil, C. (2002) Common nuclear ribo-
somal internal transcribed spacer sequences occur in
the siblin gspeciesOphiostoma piceaeandO. quercus.
Mycological Research105, 331–337.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C.et al. (2001)Dic-
tionary of the Fungi. 9th Edition. CABI Publishing,
Wallingford.
Kluth, S., Kruess, A., and Tscharntke, T. (2002)
Insects as vectors of plant pathogens: mutualis-
tic and antagonistic interactions.Oecologia 133,
193–199.
Kumaresan, V. and Suryanarayanan, T.S. (2002) Occur-
rence and distribution of endophytic fungi in a
mangrove community. Mycological Research 105,
1388–1391.
Leigh, E.G. Jr. (1999)Tropical Forest Ecology. Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
Lewis, L.C. and Bing, L.A. (1991)Bacillus thuringiensis
Berliner andBeauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillimen
for European Corn Borer control: program for imme-
diate and season-lon gsuppression.Canadian Entomol-
ogist123, 387–393.
Lieckfeldt, E. and Seifert, K.A. (2000) An evaluation
of the use of ITS sequences in the taxonomy of the
Hypocreales.Studies in Mycology45, 35–44.
Lodge, D.J. (1997) Factors related to diversity of decom-
poser fungi in tropical forests.Biodiversity and Conser-
vation6, 681–688.
Lodge, D.J., Fisher, P.J., and Sutton, B.C. (1996) Endo-
phytic fungi ofManilkara bidentataleaves in Puerto
Rico.Mycologia88, 733–738.
Lutzoni, F., Kauff, F., Cox, C.et al. (2004) Assemblin gthe
fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and the evo-
lution of subcellular traits.American Journal of Botany
91, 1446–1480.
Lutzoni, F., Pagel, M., and Reeb, V. (2001) Major fungal
lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors.
Nature411, 937–940.
Ma, Z., Morgan, D.P., and Michailides, T.J. (2001) Effects
of water stress on Botryosphaeria blight of pistachio