Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 507 — #17Index507dispersal distances 374
wind-dispersed seeds 374
caused by a scarce seed bank 373
caused by seed predation 374–5
rates high in early successional communities
374
removal rate decrease with seed size increase
374–5, 374
caused by seedling predation 375
effects of herbivory 375
effects of small mammals 375
during succession 398–9
decrease in compositional similarity to
minimum 399
elimination of shade-intolerant species 399
importance of gap creation 398–9
relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors
398, 398
shade-tolerant trees 399
effects of lianas 204
factors contributing to 419
increased importance in rainforest dynamics 418
recruitment process
first step 242
patterns may reflect recuitment through seed
banks 247
and seed limitation 242
seedling recruitment 245–7
recruitment rates, under aggregated dispersal 249,
250
recruitment success examined 248–9, 250
reduced impact logging (RIL) 452, 479, 479
regeneration, cyclical theory of 386
relative species abundance 104, 148–9, 152–3
relay floristics model 368, 369 , 390, 392
life-history traits important 368
Renkonen IndexseeSteinhaus index
repelled recruitment syndromes 236
reproduction, early vs. late tradeoff 172
resilience theory
broad and flexible 477
output only as good as input data 477
and phase shifts 477
resource availability hypothesis 64
resource availability–growth hypothesis 70
resource concentration hypothesis 234–5
resource limitation of insular animals 322–33
consequences and general implications 331
insular environments 323
bottom-up vs. top-down controversy 323
founder effects and genetic drift 323
island syndrome 323
spiny rat case study 325–31
tropical environments 323–5
abnormally wet or abnormally dry seasons,
effects of 324–5
frugivorous and granivorous animals affected by
seasonality 324
irregular fluctuations imposed on seasonal
fluctuations 324
organisms have seasonal rhythm of activities
323–4
resource niche partitioning 161
resource niche and trade-offs 160–81
functional mechanism for light competition
162–4
later successional trees, more steeply inclined
leaves 162 ,163
light utilization by adult tree crowns 162
smaller trees experience asymmetric light
competition 163
niche hyperspace 174–5
trade-offs promoting species richness within a
horizontal plane 164–70
niche theory and trade-offs 164, 166–7B
rank reversals 164, 166–7B
vertical light gradients and ontogenetic shifts
170–4
evaluation of height–light trajectories using
crown-exposure index 162 ,
172–3, 173
growth–survival trade-offs 170
LAR, interspecific differences decrease over time
171
niche diversification for related taxa 171
niche specialization of adults 171
ontogenetic concordance 170
ontogenetic shifts, pioneers and shade-tolerant
species 171
vertical niche segregation, short vs. tall species
172
resource partitioning 197, 200
resource ratios model 369 , 371–2, 380
light and soil resources inversely correlated 372
species turnover and interspecific competition 371
resource use theory 19savannas, N and S America, differences in mammal
biomass 358
sea palms (kelps), high dry matter productivity 124
secondary forests 393, 398