Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 506 — #16506Index
pioneer species (Contd.)
high-light-demanding, quick establishment 417
LAR declines rapidly with height 171
large-seeded, post-dispersal processes important
251
may exhibit preferences for regeneration sites
200–1
Mesoamerica, distinction between short- and
long-lived pioneer species 390
native, may be critical in invasion resistance 421
rare, forests vulnerable to exotics 418
require gaps for colonization and regeneration
200, 243
retain some seed viability over two years 247
seed mass and reproductive output varies 243
tropical, are they seed limited 243, 244 , 245
Piper, species age–range size relationship 49–53
analysis focused on neotropical species 49
Bayesian inference used to infer a phylogenetic tree
49–50
distribution of range sized determined 50, 54
GenBank accession numbers 61–2Ap
Ingaspecies considered quite young 55
Pipermay be an old lineage 55
posterior probability densities of ages assessed
50, 51
relative ages for the age and area analysis
determined 50,52–3
relative species age and range size relationship
determined 50, 53, 55
plant apparency hypothesis 64, 68
argued apparency irrelevant for dry forests 64, 68
plant communities 350
and insects/insect outbreaks 235
structuring of 4
seed, dispersal and recruitment limitations 5
plant defense 72–4
condensed tannins65–7, 72, 73 ,74
leaf toughness65–7, 72, 73
difference betweenTDF andTRF plants
72, 73 ,74
significant differences between twoTRF groups 74
total phenolics65–7, 72, 73
marginally greater inTRF plants 72, 73
in slow growingTRF plants 72, 73
plant environments, measurement of 23–4
soil factors influence species occurrence 23
plant–endophyte–pathogen interactions 5
plant–herbivore relationships, long histories of 279
population limitation and regulation 322
post-speciation range-size transformations, models of
47–8
Proechimys semispinosus seespiny rat
protected areas, and tropical rainforest conservation
450–2
conservation trust funds 451
creating parks without compensation, immoral
and unworkable 451
direct payments 452
Integrated Conservation and Development Projects
(ICDPs) 451–2
parks underfunded and underprotected 451
pressures on parks mounting 451
tourism 451
variation in success of existing parks 450–1
Psychotria, phylogenetic work on 56
Puerto Rico 400
effects of introduction of woody species seeds
376–7
endophyte infection rates 259rainforest communities, principal impact of exotics
417
rainforest species, native, competitively exclude
exotics 417–18
range size 33–4
intrinsic effects on population processes 33
modified fission model 34
negative relationship with extinction probability
33
ways of impeding speciation 33
centrifugal and centripetal models 33
rank reversals 164, 166–7B
growth rank reversals 169
survival rank reversals 167
rare species 98, 135
with fitness advantage, speed of increase 56
rare species advantage 55–6, 108, 112, 149, 150 ,
233
realized niches
differing 79–80
and feeding specialization 278
shared by many species at local sites 80
recruitment limitation 373–6
ameliorated by resident trees and shrubs 375–6
more seed deposited under resident trees 375
seedling abundance greater under isolated trees
375
caused by a low seed rain 373–4
animal dispersed seeds 375