Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 508 — #18508Index
secondary forests (Contd.)
on abandoned irrigated land 394
near old growth forests 400
overview of succession 387–96
young
often dominated by exotics 388
seed abundance–seedling recruitment relationship
245–6
seed banks 243, 247
long term persistence of viable seeds 251
seed dispersal 87
animal-dispersed species 191, 246
a major limitation 395
secondary dispersal from initial aggregations 248
successional trends 396
wind and ballistically dispersed species 245–6
seed limitation 242
BCI
Croton billbergianus, strongest seed limitation
244 , 245, 251
Croton, recruitment model 246–7, 246
strong for most pioneers 251
and coexistence of pioneer species 242–53
are tropical pioneers seed limited 243–5
long-term seed persistence 247–9
seed limitation in context 249–51
in context 249–51
species may occasionally escape 249–50
dispersal limitation 245
mechanisms that offset effects of 243
promotes species coexistence 242–3
reflected in pioneer recruitment patterns? 245–7
source limitation 244 , 245
escape of three species 244 , 245
in tropical pioneer species 243
seed mass
and fecundity, appear negatively related 189, 189 ,
190, 191
and later seedling survival 189
positively correlated with probability of seedling
establishment 189
positively related
to seedling size at germination 189
to seedling survival in shade 191
studies conducted under different light levels
189–90
variation among pioneers 250
seed persistence
increased under widespread dispersal 248
and interactions with life-history traits 247–9
under highly aggregated dispersal 248, 249
seed predation 314, 398
pre-dispersal 235
and recruitment limitation 374–5
seed rain 247
abundance affects seedling recruitment probability
246
densities in gaps 245–6
low, limits recruitment 373–4
seed survivorship curves, hypothetical 247
seedling growth experiments, achievement of
optimum growth 80
seedling mortality, through damping-off fungus 418
seedling predation 375
seedling recruitment, may be uncoupled from seed
abundance 245
seedling and sapling survival, growth–survival
tradeoff 170, 173
seedling survivorship, and light availability 167
seedlings
abundance in gaps 246
emergence and establishment probabilities 245
large, advantage of 170
light requirements vary among species 163–4
seeds
directed dispersal to gaps 243
long-term persistence in seed banks 243
persistence in soil (studies) 247
proximity of sources to gaps 246, 246
shade tolerance 234
model 369 , 372
shade-tolerance–other life history traits trade-offs
372
shade-tolerant trees 205–6
BCI 245
all pioneer species are seed limited 243, 244
failure to disperse seeds to traps 243
canopy trees, early arrival and rate of succession
395
density reduced by lianas 204
establish prior to gap formation 203
functional traits 170
higher LAR at sapling stage 171
lianas and treefall gaps 203–4
limited by low seed production or poor dispersal
203
many colonize during stand initiation stage 390
may more frequently overcome recruitment
limitation 250
ornamental plants, source of invasive species 420
recruitment into gaps restricted by lianas 204
resource partitioning