Halevi, Yehuda 72–3
Hamburg Israelite Temple Association 156
Hamburg Temple 156, 157, 160
Hanukkah lights 52
Hapsburg Monarchy 116–19
Hasdai ibn Shaprut 69–70
Hasideans 28, 29, 83
Hasidism 126, 133–7, 175
Haskalah: Berlin 147–8, 150, 151, 160,
161, 176; Russian 175–7, 178
Hasmoneans 29, 30–2, 33–4, 35, 38
Hauptman, Judith 59
Hayyim of Volozhin 175
Hayyon, Nehemia 129
Hebrew 189, 202; revival of in Russian
Jewry 176–8
Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) 5–25, 45, 71, 102
Hebrew Union College 168
Hebrews 1
Heilprin, Michael (Mihaly) 167
Heine, Heinrich 155
Helbling, Seifried 91
Hellenism 26–48; and Alexandrian Jews
41–3; corruption of priesthood 28; feud
between Onaids and Tobiads 27–8, 29;
influence of on Jewish culture 26–7;
Jewish attitude towards 27; revolt
against Antiochus’s forced Hellenization
and victory 28–31
Henry II, Emperor 76
Henry IV, Emperor 83
Herod 34–7, 38
Herzl, Theodore 183, 190–2, 215
Hess, Moses 187
Hezekiah, King of Judah 20
Hildesheimer, Esriel 162
Hillel/Hillelites 52–3, 54
Hirsch, Samson Raphael 161
Hitler, Adolf 3, 220–5
Hobbes, Thomas 115–16
Holocaust 3, 221, 223–30; death camps
223–4; and Hitler 221; impact of
229–30; and non-Jewish bystanders 228;
and Pope Pius XII 229; rescuers of the
Jews 228–9; resistance 225–6; response
to by United States 227–8
Holy Roman Empire 75, 94, 112
Horthy, Admiral Miklós 209, 224
Hosea 19
Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) 188, 191, 193
Hungarian Jews 118–19, 120, 121; conflict
between Orthodox and progressive Jews
162–3; emancipation of 163; reforms
158–9; relations between nobility and
210; treatment of by Horthy regime 224
Hungary 186; communist revolution (1919)
209; Ottoman rule 120
Hyrcanus 34, 35Ibn Asher, Bahya 77
Ibn Crescas, Hasdai 96
Ibn Daud, Abraham 73
Ibn Ezra, Abraham 70–1, 84
Ibn Ezra family 72, 73
Ibn Labrat, Dunash 69, 70
Ibn Nagrela, Samuel 70, 71
Ibn Samuel, Joseph 71
Ibn Saruk, Menachem 69–70
Ibn Susan, Judah ha-Cohen 72
Ignatiev, Count 185–6
International Committee on Refugees 222
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’
Union 200
Iraqi Jews 106, 204
Irgun 232, 233, 234, 239
Isaac 8, 51, 54
Isaiah 19, 20
Ishmael 53–4
Islam 60, 61–73, 103; Arabization of Jewish
culture by 65; and Christianity 62,
63–4, 68; conquest of Jewish world 49;
conquest of Persia and Byzantium 63,
64; facilitating extension of Rabbinic
Judaism by 61, 64–5; influence on
Jewish culture and status of Jews 61–3;
Jews in Muslim Spain 67–73;
Muhammad’s encounter with the Jews
63; uniting of Jewish world by 61, 64–5
Israel, Land of 15–19; destruction of by
Assyria (722) 19; expulsion of Israelites
from 22; Hellenistic rule 27;
immigration and settlement of Zionists
in 188, 194, 195; Old Yishuv 88; return
of Jews to after exile 23–4
Israel, State of 241–2; creation of (1948)
233, 235, 236; and Law of Return 235;
and Six Day War 238; and War of
Independence 233–4
Israeli-Palestinian conflict 215–17, 233–4
Israelites 1, 5–15; biblical prophecy 18–19;
covenant with Yahweh 6–7, 9; and
David’s rule 11–13; and Divided
Monarchy 15–22; in exile 22–4;
expulsion from Land of Israel by252 Index