GENERAL INDEX 369
hyphae
anastomosis 51–3
apex 48 –52 et seq., 67–73
branching 53
fiber hyphae 95– 6
hyphal growth unit 79
melanized 88 –90, 93– 4, 96 –7,
155
tropisms 74–6, 245– 6
vessel hyphae 95– 6
hyphal interference (Basidiomycota)
241– 4
hyphomycetes 156
hyphopodia 88 –9
hypovirulence 174–6
hypovirus group (hypoviridae) 164ice-minus mutants – control of frost
damage 252–3
idiomorphs – mating of Ascomycota,
Basidiomycota 106
impaction of spores 207
infection structures
of insect parasites 312
of plant parasites 90 –3
insect-dispersed fungi 191– 4
insect-pathogenic fungi 309–16
in commercial biocontrol 314 –16
host range 313
infection cycle 311–13
interactions of fungi 237–54
intercalary growth 108
introns 4, 171, 179
invertase 112
iron availability: siderophores 119
isoprenoid pathway 133– 6
itaconic acid 12Jasmonic acid – plant defense
signalling 293K-selected behavior 213–14
karyogamy 31
kasugamycin 342–3, 348 –9
keratin – fungal growth on 323– 6
killer strains (of yeasts) 164, 173
kinesin 63
kingdoms 16 –17“La France” disease of mushrooms
162
laccase 175, 233
lactic acid 126
lactose 112
Lagenidales 43
Leptomitales 43
lichens 257 , 267–73
life-history strategies 213–14
light – effects on fungi 155–7
lignin
breakdown 231–5
structure 233lignin-degrading fungi 221–2
lignin peroxidase 235
lignocellulose 213, 221–2, 224, 235
lipids – as energy sources 113
lysergic acid 13
lysine biosynthesis 6 , 132maize – stalk/root rot 284 –5
manganese peroxidase 233
mannans 31, 56, 77
mannoproteins 70 –1
MAT gene locus 105– 6
mating compatibility systems 103–6
mating pheromones 106
mating-type genes in Candida
328 –9
mating-type switching in
Ascomycota 105– 6
media for fungal culture 110 –11
meiosis
Ascomycota 27–9
Basidiomycota 31
Chytridiomycota 18
Zygomycota 24
melanin 24, 55, 88 –90, 93– 4, 95–7,
132, 155– 6, 233–5, 247, 324,
335
melanin-biosynthesis inhibitors
343, 346 –7
merosporangium 25 – 6, 245
mesophilic fungi 143
messenger RNA (mRNA) gel
electrophoresis 87
metabolism/metabolites 122 et seq.
co-ordination of 126 – 8
energy-yielding pathways 124 – 6
mobilizable and energy-storage
compounds 128 –31
secondary metabolism 132– 41
methane/methanol, as growth
substrate 111
mevalonic acid (isoprenoid pathway)
134 –5
microcycle sporulation 74
microfilaments, microtubules
in apical growth 62– 6
microtubule-organizing center
(spindle-pole body) 58
microtubules of yeast 65
polymerization 65
mitochondria
codon usage UGA 6
plate/disk-like cisternae 6
tubular cisternae 6
ultrastructure and distribution
50 –2, 61–2
molecular tools for fungal population
structure
AFLP – amplified fragment length
polymorphisms 216
FISH – fluorescence in-situ
hybridization 216fluorescent AFLP
oligonucleotide probes 216
pectic zymograms 169–70
RAPD – random amplified
polymorphic DNA 170
RFLPs – restriction fragment length
polymorphisms 170
ribosomal RNA genes –
phylogenetic trees 170 –1
vegetative compatibility barriers
166 –7, 175– 6
monokaryon 31
motor proteins, and cytoskeleton
65
Mucorales 23
multivesicular bodies 65
muscarine 133
mushrooms 9–11, 31, 32, 34, 107– 8
mutualism 237
mycangia 277
mycelial cords 95– 6
mycoinsecticides 316
mycolaminarins 129
mycoparasites
biotrophic 244 –7
necrotrophic 247–51
mycorrhizal successions 186–8
mycorrhizas
arbuscular 4 , 17, 21– 4, 33– 4, 76,
229, 257– 62, 266
arbutoid 258
ectendomycorrhizas 258
ectotrophic 34 , 94 , 95, 96 , 130 ,
261–5
ericoid 258 , 265– 6
monotropoid 258 , 267
orchid 258 , 266 –7
mycoses seehuman disease
mycotoxins 137– 41
myosin 63– 4
myxamoebae 48
myxomycota 16, 44 –5NAD+/ NADP+ 124 –5
near-ultraviolet light (NUV) 101,
155
necrotrophic plant pathogens
280 –92
defense mechanisms 289–92
host ranges 280 et seq.
inoculum dose 288 –9
nematodes
egg-parasites 320 –1
endoparasites 319–20
nematode-trapping fungi 317–20
nematophagous fungi 317
nikkomycin 348
nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, etc.)
C : N ratio in decomposition
224 – 6, 253– 4
as a nutrient 111, 118
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