expert witnesses 10–11, 87–88
eyewitness testimony 60–67, 87–101
aspects of crime 92–95
aspects of investigation 95–96
aspects of witnesses 90–92
elderly witnesses 91
hypnosis 96
research 7–9, 89–92
see alsointerviewing witnesses
F
FBI, offender profiling 24
forensic linguistics 102–115
communication between judge and
jury 110–111
courtroom language 108–111
reasonable doubt, California
Judicial Code Instructions
111
evidence-giving 104–105
identification evidence 105–107
John DeLorean trial 105, 107–108
legal language reform 111–114
meaning and use evidence 107–108
rape trials 109–110
formant frequency 107
fraud, technical acoustic evidence 106
free recall, interviewing witnesses
61–62
G
geographical profiling 19–22
ground truth 81
Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) 81, 83
H
habeas corpus 112
‘hostile masculinity’ 175
hypnosis, and eyewitness testimony
96
I
identification evidence, forensic
linguistics 105–107
identity parades
types of error 95–96
types of line-up 95
weapon focus 94–95imprisonment seeprison/
imprisonment
inappropriate questions and bias 63–64
Ingram, Charles, technical acoustic
evidence 106
Innocence project (USA) 54
intelligence analysis 5–6
Internet crime 38
interviewing suspects 7–9, 53–67
audiotape recording 56
case study 8
confessions by suspects 53–60
empathy/compassion 60
eyewitnesses 7–9, 60–67
national training initiative 58
persuasive/manipulative tactics
56–57
questioning in court 65–67
role of police 58
tape recording analysis 59–60
two-stage 55
interviewing witnesses 60–65
children 60–62, 65–66
closure 63
cognitive interview (CI) 64–65
free recall 61–62
inappropriate questions and bias
63–64
leading questions 62
learning disabled adults 66
open questions 62
questioning in court 65–67
videotaping (children) 60–61
vocabulary 65–66
see alsoeyewitnesses
intruders 124
Islamic punishments 127
J
Jack the Ripper, case linkage 31
judge and jury, communication
110–111
justice
miscarriages 120–121
restorative 128–129
K
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