The Economist February 12th 2022 Europe 45
ing emptied by neglect that gives young
people no choice but to leave in search of
work and public services. The grouping
was inspired by Teruel Existe (“Teruel Ex
ists”), a party opposing depopulation in Te
ruel province in Aragón, next door to Cas
tile and León. It surprised observers by
coming first in Teruel in national elections
in 2019, giving it an mp. That proved impor
tant: Spain’s minority government needed
small parties to help install Pedro Sánchez
as prime minister. Teruel Existe parlayed
that into more attention for depopulation.
The environment ministry is now the Min
istry for Ecological Transition and the De
mographic Challenge.
Soria Ya wants to imitate that success in
Castile and León, where the regional presi
dent, Alfonso Fernández Mañueco of the
conservative People’s Party (pp), has called
early elections. Many think he did so to
preempt the growth of España Vaciada,
and to repeat the pp’s trouncing of the left
last year in Madrid. If so, he may have mis
calculated. Mr Mañueco is not particularly
popular, and polls show Mr Sánchez’s So
cialists running a close second, even
though Castile and León is normally a pp
fief. The new parties are also doing rather
well, with Soria Ya expected to win in its
province. Even if, as is likely, the ppwins
the most seats in the region overall, it has
little chance of securing an outright major
ity. That means it will have to team up with
one or several other parties to form a re
gional government, perhaps including Es
paña Vaciada.
Soria Ya says it will work with any party
that promises to carry out its agenda. Its
programme is almost heartbreakingly spe
cific: add a new radiography clinic to the
local hospital, upgrade a local road to a mo
torway and so forth. Mr Mañueco, appar
ently daunted by the strength of the new
provincial parties, has compared them dis
paragingly to separatists in the Basque
Country and Catalonia, who trade their oc
casional support of Mr Sánchez in Madrid
for favours.
Mr Mañueco has also tried to sound like
a friend to farmers, attacking a minister in
the national government for criticising
“megafarms” as bad for the environment
and animal welfare. But farmers are less
than a quarter of the rural population, ac
cording to Vicente Pinilla of the University
of Zaragoza. Countrydwellers want jobs,
not hymns to tillers of the fields.
In fact, Mr Pinilla argues, despite Espa
ña Vaciada’s sudden prominence, depopu
lation is nothing new. Spain’s countryside
emptied later and faster than in other
countries in Europe. But young people
leave farms in every fastgrowing and ur
banising country. In Spain the most rapid
exodus was in the 1950s and 1960s, not re
cently. In fact, Spain’s rural population has
nearly stabilised. But that masks geograph
icaldisparities:inprovinceswitha thriv
ing capital city,people stayin the sur
roundingcountryside.Inthosewitha cap
italthatcanofferthemlittle,theyflee.Te
ruelExistedidbestinatrophyingTeruel
city,MrPinillapointsout,ratherthanthe
surroundingcountryside.
ÁngelCeña, Soria Ya’s leader,argues
thatthepartyisalreadya success,however
it performs.WhentheSocialistsandppan
nouncedtheirplatformsinCastileandLe
ón,theypromisedtograpplewithdepopu
lation,a subjecthesaystheypaidlessat
tentiontoduringthelastelectionin2019.
InCasarejos,Blancaisnotsure whether
shewillbothertovote.ButshegivesMsGil
andSoriaYacreditforonething:“You’re
theonlyoneswhocomehere.”n
Moresteeplesthanpeople
France’syouthvote
From Le Pen to
Mélenchon
“S
he’sthebest!”declaresAdrien,a 20
yearold student, cradling a French
tricoloreflag. He is waiting in the winter
sunshine outside a trade hall on the out
skirts of the cathedral town of Reims,
where a rally for Marine Le Pen is about to
start. “Before making decisions,” explains
Adrien, “she asks people what they think,
how they live, to find the best solution to
their problem.” Alexandre, a fellow stu
dent, agrees. The nationalistpopulist can
didate at April’s French presidential elec
tion, he adds, is focused not only on “brak
ing mass immigration” but also on the cost
of living. As for Emmanuel Macron, the
president, “We detest him.”
Young French voters, like those in ma
ny countries, seem set to vote differently
from their elders. Yet in France the split is
not simply that youth are more liberal and
retirees more conservative. One surprise is
the enduring popularity of Ms Le Pen
among the young. Only 8% of over70s say
they will back her, according to Ipsos, a
polling group. Her share of the vote among
under25s is double that.
Some pensioners share the fears of im
migration that Ms Le Pen stirs up. Indeed
over70s are keen on Eric Zemmour, a
hardright candidate, former television
commentator and polemicist, who vows to
“save France” from an immigrant invasion.
But they recall too that in 2017 Ms Le Pen
vowed to take France out of the euro—a
pledge the candidate has since given up,
but which made retirees edgy about their
pensions. Younger voters seem as drawn to
Ms Le Pen’s promise to help with the cost of
living as to her flagwaving. She promises
to abolish income tax for the under30s, as
well as to cut vaton petrol and energy bills
and lower motorway tolls.
The Greens’ Yannick Jadot gets some
youth support. So, more improbably, does
the hard left’s JeanLuc Mélenchon. An ear
ly convert to social media, he held rallies in
2017 which featured himself in one town
and his holographic image in another. This
year the 70yearold plans to repeat the
same trick. Last month in the western city
of Nantes Mr Mélenchon held an “immer
sive and olfactory” meeting, complete with
the sounds and smells of the sea. Like Ber
nie Sanders in America, he has a grandfa
therly appeal and a cult following.
Among the leading candidates to make
the runoff stage of the tworound elec
tion, the one the young favour least is Valé
rie Pécresse. Fully 28% of over70s plan to
vote for the centreright Republicans’
nominee, a fiscally prudent cultural con
servative. Her plans to raise the retirement
age to 65 no longer concern this age group;
her family values are reassuring. Only 8%
of under25s, however, say she will get
their vote. The more socially liberal among
them recall that Mrs Pécresse voted against
gay marriage in parliament in 2013.
As for Mr Macron, he does less well
among the young than in other age groups.
But past policies are beginning to bring re
wards. Thanks to a big expansion of ap
prenticeships, youth unemployment has
fallen to its lowest level for almost 15 years.
The president, who has a distant relation
ship with youth culture, has tried to engage
with it a bit more. Last year, to the conster
nation of traditionalists, he invited Mcfly
and Carlito, two popular YouTubers, to the
Elysée palace, where he took part in a game
of “true or false”. The young may not be his
biggest fans, but neither does anyone else
eclipse him in their eyes. Among those
who have decided on their vote, MrMacron
does better than any other candidate.n
R EIMS
The unlikely preferences of young
French voters