(^644) INDEX
Isabella I, Queen of Castile and Leon, 65, 89,
184
Islam:
fundamentalist, 492, 509-10
as religion, 392-93, 394
spread of, 38,47,64-67,92,156, 391-95,424
technical knowledge and, 47, 50-51, 52,
54-55, 201, 410», 413-14
women and, 411-15
Israel, 409», 413, 415, 433»
Istanbul, 397-98
Italy:
agriculture in, 251
city-states of, 174
decline of, 445-46
emigrants from, 318, 320-21, 324
guilds in, 243
industrialization of, 200, 206-7, 249, 250-51
literacy in, 250
Mezzogiorno region of, 251
optical technology in, 47
scientific development in, 179, 181-82
skilled labor in, 280
Itô Hirobumi, 375
Iwakura Tomomi, 375
Jackson, James, 288
Jaime I, King of Aragon, 66
Jamaica, 115, 154
James II, King of England, 443
janissaries, 400
Japan, 96, 239», 350-91
agriculture in, 356, 363, 364, 368-69, 378,
388,389,461
automobile industry of, 463
Christianity in, 353-55, 358
culture of, 350-53, 360, 366, 374-75, 376,
381, 383, 385», 391, 424, 472-73, 517
democracy in, 374
economy of, 172, 365-66, 380, 391, 419,
478-79
emperor of, 371-74, 376, 383
empire of, 148-19, 344, 350-51, 437-38
energy sources of, 378-81, 390
exports of, 379-80, 482
finance in, 360-63, 380
foreign investment by, 475-77
foreign policy of, 372, 373
Germany compared with, 375-76
gross national product (GNP) of, 419
han of, 353, 356, 358, 360, 364, 365,
368-70, 372, 374
Holland and, 144, 355, 356, 366-67, 368
industrialization of, 350-70, 378-91, 419
isolationism of, 355-60
literacy in, 358, 374, 376, 419
merchant class of, 361-63, 369
military of, 254», 358, 369-70, 373, 375,
376-77, 391,474»
modernization of, 359, 374-76
Portugal and, 351, 354, 355
postwar recovery of, 471-75, 517
productivity in, 389, 460-61, 484-85, 488
protectionism in, 473-74, 483, 488
sankin kotai system of, 357-58, 365
technical knowledge in, 350-70, 380
textile industry of, 294, 300», 364-65, 369,
378-91,419
trade of, 351-53, 355-56, 369, 373, 375,
407, 436,456,473-74,482-83, 488
urbanization in, 364, 366
U.S. occupation of, 481-82, 487»
Western contact with, 350-70, 372, 373-74,
375
women in, 418-21
Jars, Gabriel-Jean, 276, 287
Java, 146, 147
Jefferson, Thomas, 430»
Jerusalem, 64»
Jesuits, 109, 134, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344
Jevons,W.S., 452-53, 515
Jews, 34, 35, 42, 52, 64, 65, 69», 133-34, 136,
139, 173, 179, 180,184-85, 222, 223,
239, 240, 243, 245, 311, 326, 410, 466,
467
Johnson, Samuel, 192
Jones, Eric, 21», 22», 398», 399»
Jumel, Louis-Alexis, 403-4
"just in time" system, 485, 486, 490
K'ang Hsi, Emperor of China, 337-39
Keian edict (1649), 384
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 411
kingdoms, 31, 39,40, 102, 110-11, 398-99
Knox, Henry, 319
Koran, 52,411
Korea, South, 377, 436, 437-38, 475, 476,
477, 490
Korean War, 483
Krugman, Paul, 519, 521
Kuwait, 394, 409, 492
Kuznets, Simon, 195», 284
labor:
agricultural, 19, 24, 27, 238, 260, 268
capital vs., 171, 178, 225, 274, 281, 297, 382
cheap, 43-14, 226, 228, 229-30, 345,381-
91, 445, 447, 456, 475, 476, 521-22
child, 43, 111, 210, 230, 382, 384, 388, 406,
501
concentration of, 208-10
costs of, 174, 299,446
division of, 7, 43, 44, 45, 120, 122, 124,
214, 215, 222, 251, 279, 281, 298, 305,
365, 384,398, 449,454
exploitation of, 381-91, 408, 432-33, 434
female, 43, 56, 111, 210, 226, 230, 300,
316-17, 324, 345, 382-89, 406, 412
nora
(Nora)
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