References 607
specialist anxiety clinic. Journal of
Anxiety Disorders, 20, 363–371.
Walker, E. A., Katon, W., Russo, J.,
Ciechanowski, P., Newman, E., &
Wagner, A. W. (2003). Health care
costs associated with posttrau-
matic stress disorder symptoms in
women. Archives of General Psy-
chiatry, 60, 369–374.
Walters, K. S., & Hope, D. A. (1998).
Analysis of social behavior in indi-
viduals with social phobia and
nonanxious participants using a
psychobiological model. Behavior
Therapy, 29, 387– 407.
Walters, K., Rait, G., Petersen, I.,
Williams, R., & Nazareth, I.
(2008). Panic disorder and risk of
new onset coronary heart disease,
acute myocardial infarction, and
cardiac mortality: Cohort study
using the general practice research
database. European Heart Jour-
nal, 29, 2981–2988.
Wang, A., & Clark, D. A. (2008).
The suppression of worry and its
triggers in a nonclinical sample:
Rebound and other negative
effects. Unpublished manuscript,
Department of Psychology, Univer-
sity of New Brunswick, Canada.
Wang, P. S., Berglund, P., Olfson,
M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., &
Kessler, R. C. (2005). Failure and
delay in initial treatment contact
after first onset of mental disorders
in the National Comorbidity Sur-
vey Replication. Archives of Gen-
eral Psychiatry, 63, 603–613.
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M.,
Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kes-
sler, R. C. (2005). Twelve-month
use of mental health services in
the United States: Result from the
National Comorbidity Survey Rep-
lication. Archives of General Psy-
chiatry, 63, 629–640.
Watkins, E. R. (2004). Apprais-
als and strategies associated with
rumination and worry. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 37, 679–
694.
Watkins, E. R. (2008). Construc-
tive and unconstructive repetitive
thought. Psychological Bulletin,
134 , 163–206.
Watkins, E. R., Moulds, M., &
Mackintosh, B. (2005). Com-
parisons between rumination and
worry in a non- clinical population.
Behaviour Research and Therapy,
43 , 1577–1585.
Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the
mood and anxiety disorders: A
quantitative hierarchical model for
DSM -V. Journal of Abnormal Psy-
chology, 114, 522–536.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984).
Negative affectivity: The disposi-
tion to experience aversive emo-
tional states. Psychological Bulle-
tin, 96, 465– 490.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey,
G. (1988). Positive and negative
affectivity and their relation to
anxiety and depressive disorders.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
97 , 346–353.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness,
A. R. (1994). Structures of person-
ality and their relevance to psycho-
pathology. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 103, 18–31.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969).
Measurement of social- evaluative
an x iet y. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, 33, 448– 457.
Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M.,
& Davidson, J. R. T. (2001).
Clinician- Administered PTSD
Scale: A review of the first ten years
of research. Depression and Anxi-
ety, 13, 132–156.
Weathers, F. W., Ruscio, A. M., &
Keane, T. M. (1999). Psychometric
properties of nine scoring rules for
the Clinician- Administered Post-
traumatic Stress Disorder Scale.
Psychological Assessment, 11,
124–133.
Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G.,
Rodebaugh, T. L., & Norton, P. J.
(2008). Exploring the relationship
between fear of positive evaluation
and social anxiety. Jour n al of Anx-
iety Disorders, 22 , 386– 400.
Weens, C. F., Hayward, C., Killen,
J., & Taylor, C. B. (2002). A lon-
gitudinal investigation of anxiety
sensitivity in adolescence. Journal
of Abnormal Psychology, 111,
471– 477.
Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic pro-
cesses of mental control. Psycho-
logical Review, 101, 34–52.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J.,
Carter, S. R., & White, T. L.
(1987). Paradoxical effects of
thought suppression. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology,
53 , 5–13.
Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S.
(1994). Chronic thought suppres-
sion. Journal of Personality, 62,
615– 640.
Weiller, E., Bisserbe, J.-C., Maier,
W., & LeCrubier, Y. (1998). Preva-
lence and recognition of anxietysyndromes in five European pri-
mary care settings: A report from
the WHO Study on Psychological
Problems in General Health Care.
British Journal of Psychiatry,
173 (Suppl. 34), 18–23.
Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R.
(1997). The Impact of Event
Scale— Revised. In J. P. Wilson
& T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing
psychological trauma and PTSD
(pp. 399– 411). New York: Guil-
ford Press.
Weissman, M. M., Bland, R. C.,
Canino, G. J., Greenwald, S., Hwu,
H.-G., Lee, C. K., et al. (1994).
The cross national epidemiology
of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,
55 (Suppl. 3), 5–10.
Weissman, M. M., Klerman, G. L.,
Markowitz, J. S., & Ouellette, R.
(1989). Suicidal ideation and sui-
cide attempts in panic disorder and
attacks. New England Journal of
Medicine, 321, 1209–1214.
Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. S.,
Ouellette, R., Greenwald, S., &
Kahn, J. P. (1990). Panic disorder
and cardiovascular/cerebrovascu-
lar problems: Results from a com-
munity survey. American Journal
of Psychiatry, 147, 1504–1508.
Wells, A. (1994a). A multidimen-
sional measure of worry: Develop-
ment and preliminary validation of
the Anxious Thoughts Inventory.
Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 6,
289–299.
Wells, A. (1994b). Attention and the
control of worry. In G. C. L. Davey
& F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Per-
spectives on theory, assessment
and treatment (pp. 91–114). Ch ich-
ester, UK: Wiley.
Wells, A. (1995). Meta- cognition and
worry: A cognitive model of gen-
eralized anxiety disorder. Behav-
ioural and Cognitive Psychother-
apy, 23, 301–320.
Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy
of anxiety disorders: A practice
manual and conceptual guide.
Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Wells, A. (1999). A cognitive model
of generalized anxiety disorder.
Behavior Modification, 23, 526–
555.
Wells, A. (2000). Emotional disor-
ders and metacognition: Innova-
tive cognitive therapy. Chichester,
UK: Wiley.
Wells, A. (2004). A cognitive model
of GAD: Metacognitions and path-