The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Third Edition
much energy into moderate policy-making in order to win a few more votes from non-radical voters means that the party ceases to ...
war the PCF went underground and formed a vital part of the resistance movement, though as often as not fighting the other,de Ga ...
the Workers’ International). In 1920 the majority of the SFIO left the organization to form theParti Communiste Franc ̧ais (PCF) ...
minister, Lionel Jospin, was beaten into third place in the first ballot by Chirac and the candidate of the far-right Front Nati ...
example, the BritishLabour Party). These two basic modes of parliamentary party are often distinguished as ‘cadre’ parties and ‘ ...
even reach the quota for a single seat. While approaching entire proportion- ality for the parties, the method can give undue po ...
industrial and institutional systems with which perestroika sought to solve the problems which had allowed its own acceptance we ...
Perhaps the most alien element in Plato’s thought is not the undemocratic constitution he advocates, but the way he sees the who ...
tions supporting retention of membership. This appears to give far too much power to the political leaders who set the options, ...
swung behind Yasser Arafat, who combined Fatah and other extremist organizations with the PLO itself, under his own leadership, ...
improvement. Following series of agreements on autonomy for some of the Occupied Territories in the mid-1990s Arafat became Pres ...
upheld. One version of this theory has come to be known aspolyarchy, and later writers have tried to show that the realities of ...
Police State A police state is a political system where those in power use naked force by police, secret police, the military an ...
relatively small self-contained state focused on a city, though the agricultural hinterland was seen as equally a part. Citizens ...
subsequent leaders had to make sure they had a majority in the Politburo for any policy. It was by winning the fight for control ...
blame the other for causing ‘stop-go’ or ‘boom-bust’trends in the economy by their predilection for mass electoral bribery of th ...
although it takes a cultural explanation to uncover why that was the preference set in the first place. Political Development Po ...
democratic transition. A classic example of the 19th and early 20th centuries is theDemocratic Party machine in the US city of C ...
argument that can satisfy everyone, but there seems to be a widespread acceptance that obedience of a state’s laws is preferable ...
of powers, a separate discipline emerged from the previous conglomeration of law, economics and philosophy, so that by the end o ...
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