Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates

Index 289

awqaf (pious endowments), 58, 59, 65
Axial Age, 15–20
Azad, Abu-l Kalam, 247, 249
al-Azhar, 63, 69, 219–20, 228, 244, 250

Bath Party, 75
Badakhshan, 105
Baer, Gabriel, 62–3, 69
baraka (supernatural power), 135
Barlas, Asma, 93
baya (pledge of allegiance to the master), 128
Bayly, A. C., 229
Baz, Abd al-Aziz b. see Bin Baz, Abd
al-Aziz
Becker, Carl H., 38, 40
Bektashiyye, 147
Bellah, Robert, 10, 138–9
Bengal, 165, 167
Bennabi, Malek, 251
bida (reprehensible innovation), 125, 130,
243, 251
Bin Baz, Abd al-Aziz, 218
Bin Laden, Usama, 279
Bonaparte see Napoleon Bonaparte
Borneo, 130
Bowen, John, 228
Brown, Nathan, 213
al-Bukhari, Mahmud b. Ahmad, 217
bureaucracy, 66, 68, 76, 77, 147, 159, 198
bureaucratisation, 26, 58, 66, 67, 128, 141

caliphate, 166, 175, 207, 247–8, 253
Ottoman, 189, 198, 237, 247–8, 249
Sokoto, 129–30
see also Khilafat movement
Calvin, John, 27, 28
Caucasus, 131
Central Asia, 96–104
Cevdet Pas ̧a see Jawdat Pasha
Chechnya, 131
Chishtiyya, 144
Christian missions, 241
citizenship, 65, 80, 94, 107, 199
civilisation, 3–30 passim, 163, 167
‘clash of civilisations’, 84, 79, 115n
comparative civilisational analysis, 4, 5,
7–8, 13
global civilisation, 7, 185
Islamic civilisation, 3–11, 14, 20, 40, 253

civil society, 77, 93, 112, 128, 165, 188

Cole, Juan, 69

colonialism, 75, 158–77, 267–8

anti-colonial resistance, 41, 67, 80, 98, 107,

127, 129, 131, 133, 193, 224

colonial encounters, 91, 96, 97–8, 104, 127,

130, 158–77, 185, 188–91, 212, 240

colonial expansion, Western, 4, 30, 37, 72,

128, 212

see also post-colonial critique, post-colonial

states

common good, 16, 18–26, 29, 185–8, 189,

192, 195, 196, 197, 222, 240; see also

maslaha

common law, 164, 212

Conseil Français du Culte Musulman, 228

consensus, 21, 22, 24, 25, 44, 208, 209, 227,

250

constitution, 61,66, 70–1, 246

constitutionalism, 66, 67, 70, 108, 167–8,

246–7

constitutional revolutions, 70, 71

constitutional status of Islam, 109, 110,

167–8, 175

national constitutions, 75, 76, 94, 105–6,

109

Shii constitutional theory, 247

Sunni constitutional theory, 207

Council of Islamic Ideology (Pakistan),

252

Cromer, Lord, 162–3, 164, 165

Cromwell, Oliver, 27, 28

Crone, Patricia, 210

custom, 69, 101, 102, 105

Cyrenaica, 131

Daghestan, 131

dahriyyin (materialists), 243, 245

Dar al-Ifta, Egypt, 227, 228

Dar al-Ifta, India, 227, 228

Dars-i Nizami, 215

dawla

as dynasty, 65

as state, 13, 65

De Jong, Frederick, 50, 141

democracy, 67, 72, 77, 79, 80, 246

Deoband, 110, 125, 172, 213, 216, 219, 221,

222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 243, 273,

274, 275