Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

mutations in the Factor VIII or IX genes (reviewed by Øvlisen et al. 2008 ) and the Briard with retinitis pigmentosa due to a RP ...

always accurately reflect the human condition and care must be taken to understand the limitation of such models. For example a ...

coronary heart disease. Progress and prospects in this field have recently been reviewed by Laible ( 2009 ). Infection of the ma ...

have been generated which secrete biopharmaceuticals in their milk (Wright et al. 1991 ). The choice of species used is based on ...

have been derived from a range of viruses including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), herpesvirus and retrovirus includi ...

haemoglobin content, haematocrit levels and improved survival compared to untreated controls. DNA vaccination has also been used ...

Brophy B, Smolenski G, Wheeler T, Wells D, L’Huillier P, Laible G (2003) Cloned transgenic cattle produce milk with higher level ...

Humphray SJ, Scott CE, Clark R, Marron B, Bender C, Camm N, Davis J, Jenks A, Noon A, Patel M, Sehra H, Yang F, Rogatcheva MB, M ...

Parker HG, Meurs KM, Ostrander EA (2006) Finding cardiovascular disease genes in the dog. J Vet Cardiol 8:115–127 Parker HG, Von ...

Vignon X, Chesne ́P, Le Bourhis D, Fle ́chon JE, Heyman Y, Renard JP (1998) Developmental potential of bovine embryos reconstruc ...

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Marilyn Martinez and Peter Silley Contents 1 Introduction ........................................ ...

mechanism of drug action, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the antimicrobial agent in the targeted patient population, the pharmacod ...

2 Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Action Antimicrobial agents (i.e. drugs that exert bacteriostatic (limits bacterial growth) or bac ...

As discussed by Toutain ( 2002 ), this concentration–effect relationship is frequently described by the sigmoidalEmaxmodel (also ...

Table 1 Relationship between drug, drug effects, and the PD surrogate most closely aligned to its clinical response (Martinez et ...

Table 1 (continued) Mechanism of action Drug Activity Bacterial effect Duration ofin vitro PAE PDparameter Alter nucleic acid me ...

3 Resistance 3.1 Resistance Mechanisms There are numerous mechanisms through which bacteria can develop resistance to antimicrob ...

Table 2Mechanisms of drug resistance(modified from CLSI M31-A3) Class Examples Mechanisms of resistance Aminocyclitols Apramycin ...

complexity of this problem. For example, Harrison and Lederberg ( 1998 ) defined antibiotic resistance as a property of bacteria ...

l The detection methodology must possess known and quantified sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility. l The ...