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28 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Vandoni [72] repeated the experiments of Sapozhnikov on the vapour pressure of HNO 3 o ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 29 The triangular diagram of Sapozhnikov was modified by Vandoni, on the basis of his own experim ...

30 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES N 2 x denoted by But by definition of our standard state, a 2 x = N 2 x, and therefore ...

NiTRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 31 acid it was found that the compounds of HNO 3 and SO 3 are more stable. According to Gelfman t ...

(^32) CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES FIG. 14. Viscosity of solutions HNO 3 -H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O. Change in viscosity with in ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS^33 H 3 NO 3 2+ -> NO 2 + + H 3 O+ (16) Krejci, Novotny and Ruzicka [79] have also recently exa ...

34 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES hydrate with water, originally present in the mixture and formed in the reaction. Henc ...

36 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES temperatures, according to the data given by several authors. The shapes of the curves ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 37 ion and on removing, i. e. binding, the proton. An increase in water concentration in a nitrat ...

38 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES quantity of tritium oxide, he also investigated whether the hydrogen-tritium ex- chang ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 39 and have inferred that both nitration and oxygen exchange involve formation (b) and destructio ...

40 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES things on the concentration of the organic compound in the acid, on the concentra- tio ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 41 action may be reversible. Their assumption has been based on the observation that the heating ...

42 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES of nitric and sulphuric acids. Thus, phenol undergoes violent reaction and carboni- za ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 43 Only recently Miskidzhian and Trifonov and their co-workers [101] examined the physico-chemica ...

44 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES In 1950 Ingold, Hughes and Reed [39], when studying the kinetics of nitration with nit ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS 45 H 2 NO 3 + + (CH 3 CO) 2 O <-> NO 2 + + 2CH 3 COOH (b) (c) Such a mechanism accounts for ...

46 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES more difficult to nitrate as in the presence of acetic acid. Here also it was pro- bab ...

NITRATION AND NITRATING AGENTS Ba<Pb<NH 4 <Na<K<Ag 47 With KNO 3 and NaNO 3 the yield of nitrobenzene was 70 and ...

48 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES The work of Bennett and his co-workers [87] (discussed in detail on the p. 312) was an ...