Philosophy of Biology

272 Raphael Falk question could hardly extended over distances so relatively vast from the chemical standpoint, as are those her ...

Genetic Analysis 273 dominant to most mutated alleles of known genes which were at least partially re- cessive. “Wild type” alle ...

274 Raphael Falk or chromosomal-event. If, however, the notions expressed in the “target theory” paper (known sometimes as the T ...

Genetic Analysis 275 Toward the 1950s, with the improvement of the resolution power of genetic re- combination experiments (see ...

276 Raphael Falk could be mapped into consistent linear sequences [Pontecorvo, 1958]. The genes turned out to be complex, linear ...

Genetic Analysis 277 proportions as low as 10−^8 ” by “crossing” pairs ofrIImutants in the bacterial strain B, in which they may ...

278 Raphael Falk stract gene. In contrast, the fundamental unit of molecular genetics is a concrete chemical molecule, the nucle ...

Genetic Analysis 279 unique sequence of amino-acids, was in vague. However, it lost its power with the introduction of the Pando ...

280 Raphael Falk nucleotide-triplet being acodon), and Brenner [1957], upon analyzing dimmers of amino-acids from known peptides ...

Genetic Analysis 281 6 FROM GENOTYPES TO PHENOTYPES TO STEREOTYPES Tell me your genes and I’ll tell you who you are (from a TV p ...

282 Raphael Falk too simply mechanicaland themetaphysical conceptionrepresent the Scylla and Charibdis, to steer one’s course be ...

Genetic Analysis 283 of the genotype-phenotype relationship (not only in the eyes of the lay public). Only toward the end of the ...

284 Raphael Falk Falk [2001b]; Schwartz [1998].) As indicated, a crucial conceptual development was Johannsen’s distinction be- ...

Genetic Analysis 285 was most explicitly reflected by terms such as “penetrance” and “expressivity”, the proportion of individua ...

286 Raphael Falk with both Drosophila, and the mothEphestia kuhnellia performed by K ̈uhn, it turned out that the systems were t ...

Genetic Analysis 287 in vivoby indefinite serial transfers into the abdomen of adult flies. The cultured discs’ developmental ca ...

288 Raphael Falk mental stages of the Drosophila as a model organism; and by coinciding with the newly developed molecular “chro ...

Genetic Analysis 289 Mendelian reductionist approach, emphasizing largely the effects of selection on single alleles of specific ...

290 Raphael Falk The new methods of DNA hybridization had no taxonomic inhibitions whatsoever, and soon hybrid DNA molecules of, ...

Genetic Analysis 291 culminated with the Central Dogma was that genes are repositories of protein- coding sequences. Canonical g ...