Philosophy of Biology

416 Marc Ereshefsky so the Lineage Species Concept captures an important similarity of species taxa. However, all genera, famili ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 417 alternative systems have their own problems [Mayr, 1969; Wiley, 1981; Forey, 2002; Brummi ...

418 Marc Ereshefsky lizards snakes crocodiles birds reptiles Figure 2. Reptilia is paraphyletic because it contains lizards, sna ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 419 terion for defining the higher Linnaean ranks. Instead, biologists use a patchwork of cri ...

420 Marc Ereshefsky not think that number would greatly increase given his assumption of how much of the world had been explored ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 421 Consider the case of taxonomic revision. Taxonomic revision is the activity of revising a ...

422 Marc Ereshefsky promote a ‘rankless taxonomy.’ They offer a couple of alternative methods for indicating the hierarchical re ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 423 the activities of naming and classifying separate, Hennig’s system overcomes the naming p ...

424 Marc Ereshefsky 4.4 A Middle Ground Defenders of the Linnaean hierarchy worry that the proposed alternative systems are too ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 425 while at the same time keeping biological taxonomy as stable as possible.^2 Stepping back ...

426 Marc Ereshefsky [Ereshefsky, 1994]M. Ereshefsky. Some problems with the Linnaean hierarchy.Philosophy of Science61, 186–205, ...

Species, Taxonomy, and Systematics 427 [Wilson, 1968]E. O. Wilson. The Ergonomics of Caste in the Social Insects.American Natura ...

HOMOLOGY AND HOMOPLASY Brian K. Hall “In [the various] kinds of animals and plants [we see] simply the parts of one great geneal ...

430 Brian K. Hall 2 SIMILARITY Homologous features need not be identical but must share sufficient ‘similarity’ to be recognizab ...

Homology and Homoplasy 431 deep within animal phylogeny (exemplified by the paired appendages of insects and vertebrates.^6 3 HI ...

432 Brian K. Hall Homology and homoplasy do not represent a dichotomy of homologyvs. ho- moplasy, homologyvs. analogy, or homopl ...

Homology and Homoplasy 433 selection, where the issue is not definitional but more fundamental and related to the existence, mod ...

434 Brian K. Hall & Co) of each great class, I cannot doubt is one of the very highest ends of Natural History... I shd[shou ...

Homology and Homoplasy 435 6 HOMOPLASY Another way of comparing and classifying features among organisms ishomoplasy, a term int ...

436 Brian K. Hall one case, acting ontwo or more parts of an organism(what had been called from Owen on, serial homology), in th ...